In-vitro cytocidal effect of water on bladder cancer cells: The potential role for intraperitoneal lavage during radical cystectomy

Taoka, Rikiya; Williams, Stephen B.; Ho, Philip Levy; Kamat, Ashish M.

doi:10.5489/cuaj.2435

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We have previously revealed cytocidal effects in bladder cancer cells [9,10]. However, the phenotypes were different in each bladder cancer cell line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cell culture, observation of morphological changes, cell proliferation assay and cell membrane analysis were performed with reference to previous studies [9,10,15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously revealed the cytocidal effect of sterile water on bladder cancer cells [9,10]. Although sterile water may be a new agent for intravesical therapy, bladder cancer cell lines differ in their sensitivity to hypotonic shock with sterile water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloride Ion Transport Blockade Enhances Cytocidal Effects of Sterile Water on Bladder Cancer Cells

Matsuoka

Taoka

Tohi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background:Bladder cancer is a major health concern worldwide. The conventional intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy has certain shortcomings; thereby, demanding novel alternatives. Although sterile water is a probable agent for such novel intravesical therapies, bladder cancer cell lines differ in their sensitivity to hypotonic shock due to sterile water. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether Cl- channel blockers enhance the cytocidal effect of hypotonic shock on bladder cancer cells resistant to sterile water.Methods:Bladder cancer cell lines of varying grades (RT112, T24, and J82) were exposed to sterile water, and morphological changes were closely observed using microscopy. Sterile water-induced changes in cell membrane integrity and cell viability were analyzed to determine the effects of hypotonic shock. These effects were further analyzed using a Cl- channel blocker.Results:T24 and J82 cells started swelling immediately upon exposure to sterile water and ruptured within 10 min. RT112 cells demonstrated limited hypotonic swelling with few cell ruptures. After treatment with the Cl- channel blocker, RT112 cells ruptured faster as compared to that in cells treated with sterile water. The percentages of viable dimethylsulfoxide and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid -treated (50, 100, 200, and 300 µM) RT112 cells after 10 min of exposure to sterile water were 13.6 % ± 3.4 %, 6.3 % ± 1.2 %, 2.0 % ± 1.1 %, 0.7 % ± 0.7 %, and 0 %, respectively.Conclusions:Taken together, the Cl- channel blockers enhanced the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock in bladder cancer cells. Intravesical therapy with sterile water after treatment with a Cl- channel blocker represents a potential new adjuvant therapy after TURBT with high efficacy.

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“…We have previously revealed cytocidal effects in bladder cancer cells [9,10]. However, the phenotypes were different in each bladder cancer cell line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cell culture, observation of morphological changes, cell proliferation assay and cell membrane analysis were performed with reference to previous studies [9,10,15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloride Ion Transport Blockade Enhances Cytocidal Effects of Sterile Water on Bladder Cancer Cells

Matsuoka

Taoka

Tohi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…While water is hypotonic, using it as irrigating uid during transurethral resection surgery is not ideal due to the risk of transurethral resection syndrome. However, continuous intravesical water irrigation immediately after the surgery can be a cheap but effective method in minimising the risk of tumour reimplantation [10][11][12] . A comparison between sterile water and MMC as irrigating agents in vivo after resection was done by Bijalwan et al Results showed that continuous bladder irrigation with sterile water after resection had comparable results to immediate intravesical MMC in terms of preventing tumor recurrence in NMIBC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Assessment of Intra-operative and Post-operative Environment in Reducing Bladder Cancer Recurrence

Zhao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Urinary bladder cancer is a common cancer worldwide. Currently, the modality of treating and monitoring bladder cancer is wide. Nonetheless, the high recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after surgical resection is still unsatisfactory. Hereby, our study demonstrated whether the intra-operative and post-operative environments will affect bladder cancer recurrence utilizing in vitro cell line model. Bladder cancer cell lines were submerged in four different irrigating fluids for assessing their tumorigenic properties. Our results showed that sterile water performed the best in terms of the magnitude of cytotoxicity to cell lines. Besides, we also investigated cytotoxic effects of the four irrigating agents as well as mitomycin C (MMC) in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. We observed that sterile water and MMC had an increased cytotoxic effects to bladder cancer cell lines in hyperthermic conditions. Altogether, our results could be translated into clinical practice in the future by manipulating the intra-operative and post-operative conditions in order to lower the chance of residual cancer cell reimplant onto the bladder, which in turns, reducing the recurrence rate of bladder cancers.

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“…[ 8 ] Alternatively, several groups have utilized sterile water and saline irrigation over 18–24 h as a strategy to lyse floating tumors cells and prevent the re-implantation of cells into the bladder wall. [ 9 , 10 ] In our current study, we sought to evaluate continuous bladder irrigation with isotonic (0.9% NaCl) normal saline (CBSI) for two hours following TURBT as a strategy to reduce recurrence or progression in patients with NMIBC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous saline bladder irrigation for two hours following transurethral resection of bladder tumors in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer does not prevent recurrence or progression compared with intravesical Mitomycin-C

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIntravesical Mitomycin-C (MMC) following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), while efficacious, is associated with side effects and poor utilization. Continuous saline bladder irrigation (CSBI) has been examined as an alternative. In this study we sought to compare the rates of recurrence and/or progression in patients with NMIBC who were treated with either MMC or CSBI after TURBT.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of patients with NMIBC at our institution in 2012–2015. Perioperative use of MMC (40 mg in 20 mL), CSBI (two hours), or neither were recorded. Primary outcome was time to recurrence or progression. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox multivariable regression analyses were performed.Results205 patients met inclusion criteria. Forty-five (22.0%) patients received CSBI, 71 (34.6%) received MMC, and 89 (43.4%) received no perioperative therapy. On survival analysis, MMC was associated with improved DFS compared with CSBI (p = 0.001) and no treatment (p = 0.0009). On multivariable analysis, high risk disease was associated with increased risk of recurrence or progression (HR 2.77, 95% CI: 1.28–6.01), whereas adjuvant therapy (HR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20–0.59) and MMC (HR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25–0.75) were associated with decreased risk.ConclusionsPostoperative MMC was associated with improved DFS compared with CSBI and no treatment. The DFS benefit seen with CSBI in other studies may be limited to patients receiving prolonged irrigation. New intravesical agents being evaluated may consider saline as a control given our data demonstrating that short-term CSBI is not superior to TURBT alone.

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In-vitro cytocidal effect of water on bladder cancer cells: The potential role for intraperitoneal lavage during radical cystectomy

Abstract: Cytocidal effect of hypotonic shock can be achieved, to varying degrees, by exposing bladder cancer cells to water for at least 10 minutes. This in vitro study may have bearing on the effects seen with intraperitoneal lavage using sterile water during radical cystectomy.

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Chloride Ion Transport Blockade Enhances Cytocidal Effects of Sterile Water on Bladder Cancer Cells

Chloride Ion Transport Blockade Enhances Cytocidal Effects of Sterile Water on Bladder Cancer Cells

In vitro Assessment of Intra-operative and Post-operative Environment in Reducing Bladder Cancer Recurrence

Continuous saline bladder irrigation for two hours following transurethral resection of bladder tumors in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer does not prevent recurrence or progression compared with intravesical Mitomycin-C

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