In Vitro Cyto- and Genotoxicity Assessment of Antibacterial Paints with Triclosan and Isoborneol

Querido, Micaela Machado; Rosário, Fernanda; Bessa, Maria João; Mendes, Francisca Noélia Pereira; Teixeira, José Carlos; Teixeira, João Paulo; Pereira, Cristiana

doi:10.3390/toxics10020058

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Antibacterial activity of the paints was assessed following ISO 22196 and JIS Z2801, with minor modifications [ 18 , 19 ], as described by Querido et al [ 29 ]. The bacteria were grown as previously described and the inoculum was prepared with the concentration of 6 × 10 5 colony forming units per milliliter (CFUs/mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterwards, the samples were gently removed from the surface of the cells and cellular viability and membrane integrity were assessed using WST-1, NRU, and LDH assays, performed as previously described [ 29 ]. Assay medium was used as negative control for the three assays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the cells’ medium was replaced with freshly prepared extracts (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%). The cells were exposed for 24 h, at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 in a humidified atmosphere, and afterwards, cellular viability and membrane integrity were assessed by WST-1, NRU, and LDH assays, performed as previously described [ 29 ]. Assay medium was used as negative control for the three assays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and In Vitro Validation of Antibacterial Paints Containing Chloroxylenol and Terpineol

Querido

Paulo²,

Hariharakrishnan³

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The establishment of self-disinfecting surfaces is an important method to avoid surface contamination. Recently, paints with antimicrobial properties have been developed to be applied on different surfaces, avoiding contamination with pathogens. In this work, self-disinfecting paints containing Chloroxylenol (CLX), Terpineol (TRP), and a mixture of both substances were developed. The goal was to evaluate and validate these paints using international standards for eventual commercialization and application in scenarios where surface contamination represents a problem. The paints were challenged with five different bacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, before and after a scrub resistance test, where the long-term efficacy of the paints was evaluated. The antibacterial activity assessment was performed following ISO 22196 and JIS Z2801. In general, the paints showed very promising results, demonstrating their antibacterial activity, before and after scrub resistance test. The paint incorporating the mixture of CLX and TRP (CLX+TRP) stood out by revealing consistent results of antibacterial activity both before and after the scrub resistance test for most of the tested bacteria. The cytotoxicity of the developed paints was assessed in vitro by performing tests by direct contact with a human skin cell line, HaCaT, and testes on extracts with HaCaT and a pulmonary cell line, A549. The methodologies for cytotoxicity assessment were developed based in ISO 10993. For genotoxicity assessment, alkaline comet assay was conducted on both cell lines. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed promising results with the paints, demonstrating values of cellular viability above 70% and values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage below 30%. The genotoxic assessment also revealed acceptable values of primary DNA damage for the developed antibacterial paints. In general, the selected methodologies presented good potential to be applied in the validation of both efficacy and safety of the antimicrobial paints, aiming to be applied in real scenarios.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and In Vitro Validation of Antibacterial Paints Containing Chloroxylenol and Terpineol

Querido

Paulo²,

Hariharakrishnan³

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…To a lesser extent, triclosan is used in textiles and plastics (sportswear, bed clothes, shoes, carpets) to control the growth of disease or odor-causing bacteria [ 66 ]. Recently, the use of TCS in self-disinfecting paints has been considered as a promising strategy towards cleaner indoor environments by preventing the colonization of microorganisms on the surface of walls [ 67 ].…”

Section: Pharmacological Activities Of Tcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plax produced negative responses in both types of flies, as well as Periogard, while Cepacol produced positive responses in both the assays. The recent study by Querido et al (2022) [ 67 ] demonstrated that a self-disinfecting paint containing TCS showed low levels of cyto- and genotoxicity, which were evaluated by direct contact and on extracts that were obtained from leaching following ISO 10993 and by comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, respectively. According to the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) criteria for persistence and bioaccumulation, TCS would classify as a non-persistent and nonbioaccumulative [ 124 ].…”

Section: Toxicity Studies On Tcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles

et al. 2022

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Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has been widely used in personal care products, medical products, plastic cutting boards, and food storage containers. Colgate Total® toothpaste, containing 10 mM TCS, is effective in controlling biofilm formation and maintaining gingival health. Given its broad usage, TCS is present ubiquitously in the environment. Given its strong lipophilicity and accumulation ability in organisms, it is potentially harmful to biohealth. Several reports suggest the toxicity of this compound, which is inserted in the class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In September 2016, TCS was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union in soap products. Despite these problems, its application in personal care products within certain limits is still allowed. Today, it is still unclear whether TCS is truly toxic to mammals and the adverse effects of continuous, long-term, and low concentration exposure remain unknown. Indeed, some recent reports suggest the use of TCS as a repositioned drug for cancer treatment and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this scenario it is necessary to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of TCS, to understand whether its use is advisable or not. This review intends to highlight the pros and cons that are associated with the use of TCS in humans.

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A robust, room-temperature curable and molecular-level superhydrophobic coating with excellent antibacterial and antifouling properties

Zhao

Teng

2022

Chemical Engineering Journal

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In Vitro Cyto- and Genotoxicity Assessment of Antibacterial Paints with Triclosan and Isoborneol

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Development and In Vitro Validation of Antibacterial Paints Containing Chloroxylenol and Terpineol

Development and In Vitro Validation of Antibacterial Paints Containing Chloroxylenol and Terpineol

Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles

A robust, room-temperature curable and molecular-level superhydrophobic coating with excellent antibacterial and antifouling properties

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