In vitro culture of plant embryos and factors controlling their growth

Rappaport, J.

doi:10.1007/bf02872370

Cited by 83 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Since no comprehensive coverage of the topic is intended here, references to review articles are given to enable the interested reader to access further information on the significant contributions highlighted. Periodic reviews by Rappaport (1954), Sanders and Ziebur (1963), Narayanaswami and Norstog (1964), Raghavan (1966Raghavan ( , 1980Raghavan ( , 1993, and Raghavan and Srivastava (1982), besides cataloging the surges in examples of successfully cultured embryos, have served to convey the refinements in the technique to culture progressively smaller embryos. For someone interested in trying his or her hand at the game, brief technical details and recipes for the media most commonly used to culture embryos of various stages of development of different plants are given in the articles by Sanders and Ziebur (1963), Raghavan (1967Raghavan ( , 1977a, and Williams et al (1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of zygotic embryo culture investigations

Raghavan

2003

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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SummaryIsolation of zygotic embryos from seeds and their culture in a defined medium, initiated by Hannig in 1904, has proved to be a promising method to study the factors that control growth and differentiation of embryos. Using this technique, several investigations have focused on the carbohydrate and nitrogen nutrition during germination of cultured seed embryos and on the effects of plant hormones on their morphogenesis. Culture of immature embryos leads to their germination into weak seedlings, skipping the later stages of embryogenesis, by a process known as precocious germination. Progressively smaller embryos have been cultured by supplementation of the medium with coconut milk or hormonal additives or by osmotic adjustment of the medium by high concentrations of sucrose or mannitol. Although methods have not been developed for large-scale isolation and culture of zygotes, zygotes of maize isolated from embryo sacs and those obtained by in vitro fertilization have been grown in culture into full-term embryos. Embryo culture techniques are widely used to rescue embryos from seeds of wide crosses which usually abort and to overcome dormancy of recalcitrant seeds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of zygotic embryo culture investigations

Raghavan

2003

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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“…The solutions used by TUKEY (1933TUKEY ( , 1938, BEASLEY (1940), BRINK, COOPER and AUSHERMAN (1944), RANDOLPH (1945), RAPPAPORT (1954), NUCHOWICZ (1955) and the media which served for in vitro culture of roots removed from plants (WI-nTE, 1934;BONNER and ADDICOTT, 1937;ROBmNS and SCHMIDT, 1938), all contained the ions Ca, K, Mg~ Fe, NO 3, C1, SO 4 and a phosphorus ion (POa, HPO a, PO3). The method of preparing the media varies, as well as the total concentrations, but the proportions of the constituing salts are generally similar; yet there are also important differences.…”

Section: Culture Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo culture of rice on sterile medium

Bouharmont¹

1961

Euphytica

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The culture of immature rice embryos is possible on a sterile medium made of 5 g of a mixture of mineral salts, 20 g dextrose and 7 g agar per liter water.The test tubes should be sufficiently closed to prevent evaporation of water. The quantity of endosperm adhering to the embryos has no influence on success of the culture.It is possible to obtain seedlings from embryos of 7 days old, perhaps of 6 days. The germination is satisfactory for embryos which are 8 days old and it reaches 100 % for embryos which are 10 days old at least.The method can be applied to immature seeds derived from interspecific crosses and also to mature seeds which show a difficult germination.

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“…In vitro culture allows manipulation of the growing environment to test the effects of nutrition, osmotica and growth regulators on embryo development (Rappaport 1954). In vitro culture allows manipulation of the growing environment to test the effects of nutrition, osmotica and growth regulators on embryo development (Rappaport 1954).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finkelstein and Crouch (1986) assumed that both sucrose and mannitol produced an osmotic and not 30-day-old embryos were excised from their seed coats a nutritional effect during embryo development in cul-aseptically and placed in Petri dishes containing Monture. The Petri dishes were sealed feet on black spruce somatic embryo development, with Parafilm and placed in a controlled-environment whereas Rappaport (1954) described the role of sucrose growth chamber where the embryos were allowed to as both osmotic and nutritional in developing Capsicum grow for 10 days. Fight embryos cultured for 5 days on 0.35 M sucrose or on 0.06 bryos were placed in each Petri dish containing 15 ml of M sucrose with 0.29 M mannitol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and sucrose regulate canola embryo development

Johnson¹,

Asokanthan²,

Griffith³

1997

Physiol Plant

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M. 1997. Water and sucrose regulate canola embryo development. -Physiol. Plant. 101: 361-366.The effect of water and sucrose on the growth and development of zygotic, 30-day-old canola {Brassica napus L. cv. Bounty) embryos was examined in vitro by manipulating the levels of sucrose and/or sorbitol present in the culture medium. In some experiments, the medium water potential was allowed to vary with sucrose concentration, while in other experiments, the medium water potential was held constant by adding sorbitol to varying amounts of sucrose. Our results showed that embryos cultured on sorbitol alone exhibited two developmental patterns: embryos germinated precociously on media containing up to 0.70 M sorbitol, whereas embryos became yellow and quiescent on media with higher concentrations of sorbitol. For embryos cultured on media containing sucrose alone, three distinct developmental patterns were noted: at low sucrose concentrations, embryos germinated precociously; at intermediate concentrations, embryos continued to grow in an embryonic mode; and, at high concentrations, embryos became yellow and quiescent. Continued embryonic growth was never observed in embryos cultured on media containing sorbitol alone. Embryos never germinated precociously when cultured on media maintained at a constant water potential of -1.4 MPa, rather dry weight increased in these embryos with an increase in sucrose concentration. We envision the effect of sucrose on embryo growth and development to be nested within the effect of water availability. When water availability is restricted, embryos become quiescent. When water is available, embryos have the potential to grow, but the developmental growth pattern depends on the availability of sucrose. In the absence of sucrose, embryos germinate and initiate the transition to autotrophy. If sufficient sucrose is available, embryos remain photoheterotrophic and continue to grow in an embryonic mode.

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In vitro culture of plant embryos and factors controlling their growth

Cited by 83 publications

References 65 publications

One hundred years of zygotic embryo culture investigations

One hundred years of zygotic embryo culture investigations

Embryo culture of rice on sterile medium

Water and sucrose regulate canola embryo development

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