In vitro cultivation of a Theileria species from a roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)

Zweygarth, E.; Benade, Justin Armand; Steyl, Johan Christian Abraham; Prozesky, Leon; Koekemoer, Otto; Josemans, Antoinette I.

doi:10.1007/s00436-009-1589-4

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(sable) schizont-infected leukocyte cell line exists with successful propagation of the parasite in vitro. 204 Preliminary studies on very few animals show that theilerial infection can be safely transmitted to roan calves via inoculation of an infected cell line and that calves appear to develop a degree of protective immunity. 12 However, this technique requires significant refinement and testing on a greater number of animals.…”

Section: Aspects Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Pathogenic Theileriosis in African Wild Artiodactyls

et al. 2019

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The published literature on schizont-“transforming,” or pathogenic theileriosis, in African wild artiodactyls is dated and based on limited information. Here the authors review the taxonomy, diagnosis, epidemiology, hematology, pathology, and aspects of control in various species. Molecular studies based on 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences have shown that African wild artiodactyls are commonly infected with diverse Theileria spp., as well as nontheilerial hemoprotozoa and rickettsia-like bacteria, and coinfections with pathogenic and nonpathogenic Theileria species are often recorded. Although theileriosis is still confusingly referred to as cytauxzoonosis in many species, the validity of a separate Cytauxzoon genus in artiodactyls is debated. The epidemiology of theileriosis is complex; the likelihood of fatal disease depends on the interplay of parasite, vertebrate host, tick vector, and environmental factors. Roan calves ( Hippotragus equinus) and stressed animals of all host species are more susceptible to fatal theileriosis. Even though regenerative anemia is common, peripheral blood piroplasm parasitemia does not correlate with disease severity. Other than anemia, common macroscopic lesions include icterus, hemorrhages (mucosal, serosal, and tissue), fluid effusions into body cavities, lung edema, and variably sized raised cream-colored foci of leukocyte infiltration in multiple organs. Histopathologic findings include vasocentric hyperproliferation and lysis of atypical leukocytes with associated intracellular schizonts, parenchymal necrosis, hemorrhage, thromboembolism, and edema. Immunophenotyping is required to establish the identity of the schizont-transformed leukocytes in wild ungulates. Throughout the review, we propose avenues for future research by comparing existing knowledge on selected aspects of theileriosis in domestic livestock with that in African wild artiodactyls.

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Section: Aspects Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Pathogenic Theileriosis in African Wild Artiodactyls

et al. 2019

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“…2), causes lymphoid hyperplasia typically associated with the transforming Theileria (Nijhof et al., 2005). This and the ability to culture schizonts (Zweygarth et al., 2009a) indicate that not all transforming parasites share a monophyletic origin (Sivakumar et al., 2014), which suggests that transformation of schizonts may occur more widely than expected. The non-transforming Theileria are regarded as being benign but still able to cause disease as a result of anaemia induced by the piroplasm stage (Sivakumar et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Theileria diagnostics and epidemiology

Mans

Pienaar

Latif

2015

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

226

219

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HighlightsSerological and molecular assays exist for most economic important Theileria species.Molecular assays are constantly being improved with regard to sensitivity and specificity.The concept of what constitute a Theileria species impacts on accurate diagnostics.Analytical specificity of molecular assays are >800 000 parasites/L blood.Parasitemia ranges may determine practical limits of detection.

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“…(sable)-infected roan leukocytes harvested from cell culture. 51 The same cell culture was the source of the Theileria sp. (sable) proteins used in the western blots so that we could compare Theileria sp.…”

Section: Chromogenic Ihc Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 For each serum sample, the presence of antibodies against Theileria sp. (sable) proteins (from roan lymph node-derived subcultures) 51 was tested on western blots and compared to nonspecific cross-reactions with cultured T. parva-infected leukocytes as well as uninfected bovine lymphocytes. Cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and resuspended in RIPA lysis buffer (150 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 50 mM Tris, 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], pH 8) and 25 units of Benzonase nuclease (Novagen; MilliporeSigma) per mL of RIPA buffer.…”

Section: Antibody Characterization and Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyclonal antibody–based immunohistochemical detection of intraleukocytic Theileria parasites in roan and sable antelopes

et al. 2021

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Theileria parasites commonly infect African wild artiodactyls. In rare roan ( Hippotragus equinus) and sable ( H. niger) antelopes, Theileria sp. (sable)-associated calf mortalities constrain breeding programs. The pathogenicity of most leukocyte-transforming Theileria spp. originates in their invasion of and multiplication in various mononuclear leukocytes, the transformation of both infected and uninfected leukocytes, and their infiltration of multiple organs. Understanding the pathogenesis of theileriosis can be improved by the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify the localization of the parasites in tissue sections. Our aim was to develop a reproducible IHC assay to detect leukocyte-associated Theileria parasites in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded roan and sable tissues. Polyclonal antibodies were purified from the sera of 5 roans from an area endemic for Theileria sp. (sable) and tested for IHC reactivity in 55 infected and 39 control roan and sable antelopes, and for antigen and species cross-reactivity in an additional 58 cases. The 3 strongest antibodies consistently detected intraleukocytic theilerial antigens in known positive cases in roan and sable antelopes, and also detected other Theileria spp. in non-hippotraginid wild artiodactyl tissues. The antibodies did not cross-react with other apicomplexan protozoa, with the exception of Cryptosporidium. Given that PCR on its own cannot determine the significance of theilerial infection in wild ruminants, IHC is a useful laboratory test with which to confirm the diagnosis in these species.

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In vitro cultivation of a Theileria species from a roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

The Pathology of Pathogenic Theileriosis in African Wild Artiodactyls

The Pathology of Pathogenic Theileriosis in African Wild Artiodactyls

A review of Theileria diagnostics and epidemiology

Polyclonal antibody–based immunohistochemical detection of intraleukocytic Theileria parasites in roan and sable antelopes

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