In vitro comparison of different types of sodium perborate used for intracoronal bleaching of discoloured teeth

Arı, Hale; Üngör, Mete

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00497.x

Cited by 66 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…After 14 days (Rotstein et al, 1991c) and one year (Rotstein et al, 1993), there was no difference in the shade of the teeth bleached with sodium perborate in 30% hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate in 3% hydrogen peroxide, or sodium perborate in water. Concurring results were found in a study with sodium perborate mixed with 30% hydrogen peroxide or water and evaluated after 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment (Ari and Üngör, 2002). Increased lightening of the teeth was observed with longer bleaching time, but otherwise no difference was reported.…”

Section: (Iv-2) Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth Bleaching—a Critical Review of the Biological Aspects

Dahl

Pallesen

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

469

370

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Present tooth-bleaching techniques are based upon hydrogen peroxide as the active agent. It is applied directly, or produced in a chemical reaction from sodium perborate or carbamide peroxide. More than 90% immediate success has been reported for intracoronal bleaching of non-vital teeth, and in the period of 1-8 years' observation time, from 10 to 40% of the initially successfully treated teeth needed re-treatment. Cervical root resorption is a possible consequence of internal bleaching and is more frequently observed in teeth treated with the thermo-catalytic procedure. When the external tooth-bleaching technique is used, the first subjective change in tooth color may be observed after 2-4 nights of tooth bleaching, and more than 90% satisfactory results have been reported. Tooth sensitivity is a common side-effect of external tooth bleaching observed in 15%-78% of the patients, but clinical studies addressing the risk of other adverse effects are lacking. Direct contact with hydrogen peroxide induced genotoxic effects in bacteria and cultured cells, whereas the effect was reduced or abolished in the presence of metabolizing enzymes. Several tumor-promoting studies, including the hamster cheek pouch model, indicated that hydrogen peroxide might act as a promoter. Multiple exposures of hydrogen peroxide have resulted in localized effects on the gastric mucosa, decreased food consumption, reduced weight gain, and blood chemistry changes in mice and rats. Our risk assessment revealed that a sufficient safety level was not reached in certain clinical situations of external tooth bleaching, such as bleaching one tooth arch with 35% carbamide peroxide, using several applications per day of 22% carbamide peroxide, and bleaching both arches simultaneously with 22% carbamide peroxide. The recommendation is to avoid using concentrations higher than 10% carbamide peroxide when one performs external bleaching. We advocate a selective use of external tooth bleaching based on high ethical standards and professional judgment.

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Section: (Iv-2) Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth Bleaching—a Critical Review of the Biological Aspects

Dahl

Pallesen

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

469

370

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“…29 In vitro studies have concluded that sodium perborate in water, sodium perborate in 3% and 30% hydrogen peroxide, and 10% carbamide peroxide are all efficient at internal bleaching of non-vital teeth. [30][31][32][33][34] Various heat sources may be applied to speed the reaction and improve the bleaching effect. 35 The medicament is sealed in the pulp chamber for three to seven days, and is thereafter replaced regularly until acceptable lightening is achieved.…”

Section: Chemical Reactions Of Hydrogen Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: Review of adverse effects and safety issues

et al. 2006

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“…Most reports have very low initial results after bleaching, with complete color matching of the bleached tooth with the adjacent one. 6 However, occasionally darkening after internal bleaching can be observed which is presumably caused by diffusion of staining substances and penetration of bacteria through marginal gaps between the filling and the tooth. 7 Some modifications have been done in an attempt to minimize the risk of cervical or apical resorption; thus, a base of 1 -2 mm glass ionomer cement was placed over filling material of the root to have a mechanical barrier between the sealed root canal and the bleaching gel, which is in agreement with other studies Friedman et al as they did not use an intermediate lining prior to the bleaching material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%