in vitro Chemical and physical toxicity of polystyrene microplastics in human-derived cells

Choi, Daheui; Bang, Junah; Kim, Sang Woo; Oh, Yoogyeong; Hwang, Youngdeok; Hong, Jinkee

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-16642/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…The formation of eco-corona on the surface of microplastic particles caused more uptake through macrophages into tissues [77] . Furthermore, the cytotoxicity, immune response of humanderived cells, including immune cells, red blood cells and macrophages, to PS fragments also increased compared with control experiments that the phenomenon was magnified when the sharpness and roughness changed (Figure 2.5b) [78] . Chronic exposure to plastic particles may cause human body inflammation reaction, respiratory problems and cancer 2020) [78] .…”

Section: Plastic Threatens Animals and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 84%

Degradable pollen as potential candidates to replace plastic packages

Deng¹

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The explosive growth of plastic consumption contaminates the natural environment seriously and microplastic debris with toxic additives threatens marine organisms and human health. Along with large amounts of plastic use, improper management of plastic wastes and pose bigger pressure to ecological environment. More than 90% of plastic discards are landfilled and combusted which could cause secondary contamination, while small parts are recycled which is time-consuming and costly. To date, scientists already have detected influence of plastic pollution in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The uptake of plastic debris by marine organisms and toxicity impact on lifespan shortening are investigated. More researchers also explored the direct microplastic leaches from cosmetics, teabags, mineral water bottles, infant bottles and daily necessities. With increasing demands for plastic food packaging due to COVID-19 personal protection, the direct contamination released from plastic food containers with cooked food and hot beverages remains equivocal and becomes extra important. Plastic polymers, derived from petro and fuel chemicals, are ultra-resistant, easy-processing, low-costing, thermalstable and with great mechanical properties. Although plastic polymers and toxic additives are malignant, plastic inevitably promotes development of society. Scientists researched the biodegradation process of individual types of plastic through bacterium and cells which are expensive and complicated. On the other hand, discovering alternatives of plastic is compulsory that bioinspired and biological materials are significant because of biocompatibility and environmental protection.Bee pollen granules attract attention due to durable shell structure. Sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs), are extracted from bee pollen and resistant with anti-oxidation, ultraviolet resistance. SECs are widely applied as drug delivery vehicles including orally therapeutic medicine and anti-cancer drug carriers. Degradation of SECs in gastrointestinal tract fluids and human plasma are analyzed that proves enzymedependent and chemical/enzyme-dependent degradation with happens of SECs. Elastic Abstract pollen microgel particles are found to fabricate pollen papers with high surface contact areas. Pollen papers are elastic, flexible, easy processed that can be considered as alternatives of flexible plastic. However, the chemical-degradation without enzyme remains unknown.Herein, a significant amount of microplastics in the nanoscale range are demonstrated to be generated from the plastic packages that contact with high temperatures associated with cooked food or hot beverages. The quantities, diameters and morphologies of micro/nano plastic particles are refined and observed. In-vitro experiments are conducted and prove procedures of murine macrophages to inject different types of micro/nano plastics. The inhibited activity of lysosome presents the plastic effects to mammal organisms after long-term exposure. Human intake large quantities of plastic debris a...

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Section: Plastic Threatens Animals and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 84%

Degradable pollen as potential candidates to replace plastic packages

Deng¹

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Advanced epithelial lung and gut barrier models demonstrate passage of microplastic particles

et al. 2022

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Micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) can be found virtually everywhere around us in the biosphere and food chain, therefore humans are continuously exposed to MNP, mainly via inhalation and ingestion. Here, we have applied physiologically relevant human-based advanced in vitro models representing the lung (MucilAir™) and gut (InTESTine™ and Intestinal Explant Barrier Chip (IEBC)) to study membrane passage of various MNP and their potency to induce cytotoxic effects, barrier disturbances or pro-inflammatory cell activation. Selected MNP of various materials (polystyrene, polyethylene, nylon, car tire, and marine MNP collected from the ocean), shapes (spheres, fragments and fibers), sizes (0.05–100 μm), some of which were fluorescently labelled for tracking, were included. Without affecting cell viability, nylon fibers and (cleaned) HDPE (high density polyethylene) disrupted the MucilAir™ epithelial barrier. Luminal exposure to polystyrene particles (1 and 10 μm) and pristine HDPE fragments significantly decreased human colon tissue functionality. Furthermore, all polystyrene particles (0.05, 1 and 10 μm) affected tissue viability in porcine jejunum, ileum and colon tissue after 5 h exposure, and this was further confirmed in the IEBC after 24 h of exposure to 10 μm polystyrene particles and nylon fibers. Exposure to nylon fibers and its supernatant led to pro-inflammatory cell activation, as shown by increased IL-6 release in MucilAir™ and in human colon tissue after 96 or 24 h, respectively. Regarding transepithelial penetration of the MNP, permeability of 0.05 μm polystyrene spheres in the MucilAir™ lung cell model reached 3.6 ± 1.2% after 24 h. With 3.37 ± 0.46% after 5 h under static conditions and 5.5 ± 1.3% after 24 h under microfluidic conditions MNP permeability across intestinal tissue was highest for the largest (10 μm) polystyrene spheres. Confocal microscopy confirmed the translocation of MNP across the lung and intestinal epithelial barrier. In conclusion, we present a study revealing the passage of MNP over the epithelium of advanced in vitro models for the lung and intestine barrier. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cell activation and disrupted barrier integrity were observed after exposure to several of the tested MNP. Future research is needed to further identify the effects of shape, size and material on these processes and subsequently the health effects of humans.

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Su Kaynaklarinda Mi̇kroplasti̇kleri̇n Varliği Ve İnsan Sağliği Açisindan Önemi̇

Çakmak¹,

Acaröz

2021

Veteriner Farmakoloji Ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni

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Dünya genelinde plastik kullanımı yılda 300 milyon tonun üzerindedir. Üretilen plastiğin büyük bir kısmı, fizikokimyasal işlemlerle daha küçük partiküllere parçalanırlar. Standart bir tanımı olmamakla birlikte genellikle mikroplastikler 5 mm'den küçük ancak 1 µm veya 100 nm'den büyük plastik partiküller olarak kabul edilir. Ortamdaki mikroplastikler, eklendikleri kişisel temizlik ürünleri (örneğin güneş kremleri ve diğer kozmetik ürünler) ile endüstriyel ürünlerin (boyalı yüzeyler, lastikler ve sentetik kumaşların) parçalanması sonucu meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu çeşitli kaynaklar, doğal çevrenin mikroplastiklerle yaygın şekilde kirlenmesine yol açmıştır. Plastiklerin ayrım gözetmeksizin kullanımı ve atıklarının yetersiz bertarafı küresel düzeyde ekosistemde ciddi endişelere yol açmaktadır. Mikroplastik kirliliğin yaygınlaşması canlı organizmalar üzerindeki zararlı etkilerine dair endişeleri de arttırmaktadır. Mikroplastikler son zamanlarda içme suyunda ve içme suyu kaynaklarında tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, mikroplastikler için standart örnekleme, ekstraksiyon ve tanımlama yöntemleri olmadığından içme suyundaki varlığına yönelik araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bilimsel kanıtlar, mikroplastiklere maruziyet sonucu çeşitli hücre ve organlarda toksik etkiler, beslenmenin bozulmasından üreme sisteminde yan etkilere, karaciğer fizyolojisinde olumsuz değişimlere, enerji metabolizması bozulmalarına kadar çeşitli etkilere neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Mikroplastiklerin insan sağlığı üzerindeki riskleri değerlendirildiğinde içme suyunda oluşumu hakkında daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ayrıca, mikroplastiklerin potansiyel kaynaklarının azaltılması, atıksu arıtma teknolojileri ve atık yönetimi bakımından yasal düzenlemeler önem arz etmektedir.

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in vitro Chemical and physical toxicity of polystyrene microplastics in human-derived cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Degradable pollen as potential candidates to replace plastic packages

Degradable pollen as potential candidates to replace plastic packages

Advanced epithelial lung and gut barrier models demonstrate passage of microplastic particles

Su Kaynaklarinda Mi̇kroplasti̇kleri̇n Varliği Ve İnsan Sağliği Açisindan Önemi̇

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