In vitro challenge of human dendritic cells with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induces preferential generation of Treg cells

Abstract

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis, endemic to most Latin American countries (especially Brazil) whose etiologic agent is the thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb). Host resistance/susceptibility to PCM has been explained by the involvement of different subpopulations of CD4 + cells. However, the mechanisms leading to preferential induction of any subpopulation are still unclear, and the participation of dendritic cells (DCs) must be highlighted. These cells bind, capture, kill, process microorganisms and migrate to peripheral lymphoid tissue where they maturate, efficiently trigger, and drive CD4 + T cell-mediated immune responses. The nature of the interaction of these cells with each microorganism defines CD4 + cell differentiation. Few studies have evaluated which subsets of CD4+ cells are preferentially induced after the interaction of human DCs/Pb. Here, we show that in vitro challenge of DCs with Pb results in the preferential induction of T reg cells.

Transcriptional Remodeling Patterns in Murine Dendritic Cells Infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: More Is Not Necessarily Better

“…Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the immune system as the most effective antigen-presenting cells and a mediator between innate and adaptive immune responses. Their potential for fine-tuning the host’s responses leading to the control or the eradication of the infection and its role in PCM has been highlighted in the literature [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Furthermore, although most in vivo studies focus on the late immune response presented by both resistant and susceptible mice, these studies suggested essential differences in the profile of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) used by these hosts in their initial interaction with P. brasiliensis [ 19 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 32 ].…”