In vitro cellular toxicity induced by extractable organic fractions of particles exhausted from urban combustion sources - Role of PAHs

Velali, Ekaterini; Papachristou, Eleni; Pantazaki, Αnastasia A.; Besis, Athanasios; Samara, Constantini; Labrianidis, C.; Lialiaris, Theodoros

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.075

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Korea, biomass burning, gasoline, and diesel emission sources were found to be substantially associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality [49]. Toxicological studies have found the cytotoxicity and adverse health effects of sources such as combustion and vehicle emission [50][51][52][53][54][55]. In this study, vegetative detritus and residential bituminous coal combustion sources were found to be highly correlated with in ammation, aging and macroautophagy activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Impact of Organic Extracts of Seasonal PM2.5 on Primary Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Their Chemical Characterization

Park

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Lung epithelial cells serve as first line of defense against various inhaled pollutant particles. This study focused on assessing the impact of organic extracts of PM2.5 collected in Seoul, South Korea on primary human lung epithelial cells and identifying the relevant components and sources which induced lung epithelial cell injury.Results: We used primary lung epithelial cells isolated directly from healthy donors and evaluated the effects of organic compounds of twelve selected, seasonal PM2.5 on inflammation, cellular aging, and macroautophagy in primary lung epithelial cells. Organic extracts of PM2.5 specifically induced neutrophilic chemokine, interleukin-8, via extracellular signal regulated kinase activation. Moreover, PM2.5 significantly increased the expression of aging markers (p16, p21, and p27) and activated macroautophagy. Average mass concentrations, OC and EC, had no significant correlations with PM2.5 effects. However, regression analysis showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes were the most relevant components of PM2.5 correlated with neutrophilic inflammation. Vegetative detritus and residential bituminous coal combustion sources were strongly correlated with neutrophilic inflammation, aging and macroautophagy activation.Conclusions: These data suggest that the chemical composition of PM2.5 is crucially important to determine the adverse health effects of PM2.5. Our study provides encouraging evidence to regulate the harmful components of PM2.5 in Seoul.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Impact of Organic Extracts of Seasonal PM2.5 on Primary Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Their Chemical Characterization

Park

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Secondly, the samples are limited using a medium-flow sampler and only organic extraction was included. In the literature, the organic extraction showed a higher genotoxic compounds extraction efficiency 15,16,48,49 . However, when there is a specific purpose, the double extraction can be preferred, for example for natural source metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro genomic damage induced by urban fine particulate matter on human lymphocytes

Santovito

Gendusa

Cervella

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban air pollution represents a global problem, since everyday many mutagenic and carcinogens compounds are emitted into the atmosphere, with consequent adverse health effects on humans and biota. Specifically, particulate matter air pollution was associated with increased risks in human mortality and morbidity. In this paper, we analyse the genomic effects on human lymphocytes of different concentrations of annual Turin PM2.5 extract by an in vitro micronuclei assay. Samplings were collected from an urban meteorological-chemical station positioned in Turin (Italy), one of the most polluted cities in Europe. PM2.5 sampled on filters was used for organic extraction in monthly pools and successively aggregated to produce a mixture representative for a full year PM2.5 collection. Lymphocytes were exposed to four concentrations of PM2.5: 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/mL and micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were scored. With respect to controls, PM2.5 significantly increased the frequencies of all analysed biomarkers at all tested concentrations, whereas the CBPI index was significantly reduced only at the concentration of 20 μg/mL. Such in vitro effects can both to stimulate local authorities to adopt efficient measures for air pollution mitigation and to improve human monitoring to detect early precancer lesions. Epidemiological studies suggested that particulate matter (PM) air pollution in the urban environment could be associated with an increase in several diseases, including cancer 1 and cardiopulmonary diseases, as well as with a general increased risk in human mortality and morbidity 2-4. Indeed, in 2016, WHO reported that ischaemic heart disease account about 36% of the deaths attributable to ambient air pollution globally 5. Furthermore, IARC classified the outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), particulate matter was evaluated separately and was also classified as Group 1 6,7. PM2.5 levels, size and chemical composition varied in relation to the local main emissions and orographic conformation. The early effects of the PM2.5 human exposure are not clearly understood. It is well known that the PM adverse effects on human depends on its physical characteristics and chemical composition 8. At cellular level, PM can induce oxidative stress as result of cell homeostasis unbalance and subsequent mitochondrial damage 2,9,10 , whereas, at genomic level, an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to be associated to DNA damage and expression, with consequent increased risk of apoptosis for the cell 11. PM10 and PM2.5 are two of the most discussed parameters into the air pollution evaluation 12,13. Such particles, especially the finest fraction, carried a wide range of mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. In vitro tests are defined indispensable first-line tools to detect the global mixture DNA-damage effect 14. In particular, organic extracts of urban air particles were found to induce cancer in animals and mutagenic effect in bacteria, plant and mam...

show abstract

“…Similarly, in the Calcein AM cell viability assay, the Calcein AM permeates live cells which then is converted into a green-fluorescent calcein due to hydrolysis by intracellular esterases; and resulting stained cells can be quantified and correlated to cell viability [121]. There are many examples of studies using these types of assays to screen for cytotoxicity in air pollutant toxicity studies [4,6,7,51,53,[122][123][124][125]. Consideration should be given to the use of these assays for investigations involving PM, as particles from diesel exhaust and soot have been shown to interfere with MTT and LDH signals at varying concentrations [126].…”

Section: Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach Methods to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollutants: Critical Design Considerations for In Vitro Exposure Testing

Zavala¹,

Freedman

Szilagyi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollution consists of highly variable and complex mixtures recognized as major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vast number of chemicals, coupled with limitations surrounding epidemiological and animal studies, has necessitated the development of new approach methods (NAMs) to evaluate air pollution toxicity. These alternative approaches include in vitro (cell-based) models, wherein toxicity of test atmospheres can be evaluated with increased efficiency compared to in vivo studies. In vitro exposure systems have recently been developed with the goal of evaluating air pollutant-induced toxicity; though the specific design parameters implemented in these NAMs-based studies remain in flux. This review aims to outline important design parameters to consider when using in vitro methods to evaluate air pollutant toxicity, with the goal of providing increased accuracy, reproducibility, and effectiveness when incorporating in vitro data into human health evaluations. This review is unique in that experimental considerations and lessons learned are provided, as gathered from first-hand experience developing and testing in vitro models coupled to exposure systems. Reviewed design aspects include cell models, cell exposure conditions, exposure chambers, and toxicity endpoints. Strategies are also discussed to incorporate in vitro findings into the context of in vivo toxicity and overall risk assessment.

show abstract

In vitro cellular toxicity induced by extractable organic fractions of particles exhausted from urban combustion sources - Role of PAHs

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

The Impact of Organic Extracts of Seasonal PM2.5 on Primary Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Their Chemical Characterization

The Impact of Organic Extracts of Seasonal PM2.5 on Primary Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Their Chemical Characterization

In vitro genomic damage induced by urban fine particulate matter on human lymphocytes

New Approach Methods to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollutants: Critical Design Considerations for In Vitro Exposure Testing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About