In Vitro Biotechnological Production and Pharmacological Studies of Antileukemic Alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus

Barrales-Cureño, Hebert Jair; Andrade-Hoyos, Petra; Luna-Cruz, Alfonso; Reyes, César; Chávez-Salinas, Salvador; López-Valdez, Luis Germán

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51620-2_2

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“…The production of C. roseus phytochemicals has been accomplished using callus, cell suspension, somatic embryo, and transformed or non-transformed root and shoot cultures by optimizing the chemical and physical parameters [7,9,12,13]. Several alkaloids, such as ajmalicine, vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine, and vincristine, were successfully obtained from C. roseus shoot cultures [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity in Callus, Somaclonal Variant, and Normal Green Shoot Tissues of Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don

Lee

Zengin

et al. 2020

Molecules

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of plant growth regulators, sucrose concentration, and the number of subcultures on axillary shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering, and somaclonal variation and to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of in vitro-established callus, somaclonal variant, and normal green shoots of Catharanthus roseus. The highest shoot induction rate (95.8%) and highest number of shoots (23.6), with a mean length of 4.5 cm, were attained when the C. roseus nodal explants (0.6–1 cm in length) were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2 µM thidiazuron, 1 µM 2-(1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA), and 4% sucrose. The in vitro flowering of C. roseus was affected by sucrose, and the number of subcultures had a significant effect on shoot multiplication and somaclonal variation. The highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids were found in normal green shoots, followed by those in somaclonal variant shoots and callus. The phytochemicals in C. roseus extracts were qualified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 39, 55, and 59 compounds were identified in the callus, somaclonal variant shoot, and normal green shoot tissues, respectively. The normal green shoot extracts exhibited the best free radical scavenging ability and reducing power activity. The strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were found in the callus, with an IC50 of 0.65 mg/mL.

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