In Vitro Biocompatibility Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an important component of the bone mineral phase. It has been used in several applications, such as bone regenerative medicine, tooth implants, drug delivery and oral care cosmetics. In the present study, three different batches of a commercial nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) material were physicochemically-characterized and biologically-evaluated by means of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using appropriate cell lines based on well-established guidelines (ISO10993-5 and OECD 487). The nHAs were characterized for their size and morphology by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and were found to have a rod-like shape with an average length of approximately 20 to 40 nm. The nanoparticles were cytocompatible according to ISO 10993-5, and the in vitro micronucleus assay showed no genotoxicity to cells. Internalization by MC3T3-E1 cells was observed by TEM images, with nHA identified only in the cytoplasm and extracellular space. This result also validates the genotoxicity since nHA was not observed in the nucleus. The internalization of nHA by the cells did not seem to affect normal cell behavior, since the results showed good biocompatibility of these nHA nanoparticles. Therefore, this work is a relevant contribution for the safety assessment of this nHA material.

A Review on Development of Bio-Inspired Implants Using 3D Printing

“…Hydroxyapatite (HA) is well known and used extensively for medical applications as the chemical constituents resemble the bone composition. Compared to micron-sized HA, the nano HA exhibits superior biocompatibility as it resembles the structure of HA crystals in bone [ 65 ]. HA nanorods were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique in a type I collagen matrix to mimic bone composition using a 3D bioprinter.…”

“…It has strong mechanical properties for ideal bio-fabrication. In another study, alginate was combined with nano-cellulose and used as a bio-ink [ 64 , 65 ] to assess the biocompatibility with human nasoseptal chondrocytes. An extrusion-based 3D bioprinter printed this combination with optimized process parameters.…”

Bi-layered nanofibrous membrane with osteogenic and antibacterial functions for periodontal tissue regeneration

“…Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) possesses excellent biocompatibility and bone integration ability and can promote cell osteogenic differentiation, which is an excellent biomaterial. 8 Specially, it is a main component of tooth, thereby is an ideal candidate for dental and orthopedic implants. Nevertheless, its clinical application is limited because of the poor mechanical strength, brittleness, and fatigue failure.…”

Nanomaterials-Upconverted Hydroxyapatite for Bone Tissue Engineering and a Platform for Drug Delivery

“…Owing to its feature chemically matching with biological calcified tissue, it is extraordinarily biocompatible. 48 In addition, hydroxyapatite is a bioactive ceramics broadly used as particulate forms or powder in bone repairs, matrix for drug delivery as well as acting as a coatings material for metal prostheses 22 in order to enhance biological activity.…”