In Vitro Biocompatibility and Degradation Analysis of Mass-Produced Collagen Fibers

Abstract

Automation and mass-production are two of the many limitations in the tissue engineering industry. Textile fabrication methods such as electrospinning are used extensively in this field because of the resemblance of the extracellular matrix to the fiber structure. However, electrospinning has many limitations, including the ability to mass-produce, automate, and reproduce products. For this reason, this study evaluates the potential use of a traditional textile method such as spinning. Apart from mass production, these methods are also easy, efficient, and cost-effective. This study uses bovine-derived collagen fibers to create yarns using the traditional ring spinning method. The collagen yarns are proven to be biocompatible. Enzymatic biodegradability was also confirmed for its potential use in vivo. The results of this study prove the safety and efficacy of the material and the fabrication method. The material encourages higher cell proliferation and migration compared to tissue culture-treated plastic plates. The process is not only simple but is also streamlined and replicable, resulting in standardized products that can be reproduced.

Comparison of NIH 3T3 Cellular Adhesion on Fibrous Scaffolds Constructed from Natural and Synthetic Polymers

“…Notably, the dead cells are not attached to the scaffolds, indicating that those that did die likely failed to attach to the scaffold and thus died not due to a lack of scaffold biocompatibility but rather due to a lack of structural support. This is consistent with previous studies which indicate that collagen is biocompatible with the NIH3T3 cells and aids in cell adhesion and proliferation [ 18 ] and the use of collagen scaffolds in a wide range of applications, from nanostructured mats electrospun alongside glycosaminoglycans for nerve tissue regeneration [ 21 ] to promoting osteogenesis and differentiation for bone tissue engineering [ 22 ].…”

“…Collagen Scaffold Fabrication: Bovine collagen fibers (donation of Kaneka Corporation) were processed through a card chute system (Reiter Card C4), followed by two rounds of drawing (Reiter RSB851) until the fibers were anisotropically aligned. They were then passed through the roving machine (Reiter Fly F4/1) and then a ring spinning machine (Reiter G5/2), where yarns of 265 denier (yarn thickness unit) were produced [ 18 , 19 ]. For this experiment, 12-inch pieces were cut and bundled up to make a tangled network of yarns.…”

Application of Noggin-Coated Electrospun Scaffold in Corneal Wound Healing

“…The enzymatic degradation was prepared by using a 1:1 solution of 0.25 mg/mL collagenase (type I, >125 U/mg, 17018029; ThermoFisher) in 0.1 M Tris-HCl and 0.005 M CaCl 2 and 0.0025 mg/mL Pseudomonas lipase (type XIII, ≥15 U/mg solid, L9518; Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS as described previously. 35 , 36 Each scaffold ( n = 5) was weighed at the beginning of the test and then submerged in degradation solution at 37°C for different durations (7, 14, and 21 days). Samples were dried after the submersion period and weighed.…”

Bioinspired scaffolds based on aligned polyurethane nanofibers mimic tendon and ligament fascicles

“…Partial or complete damage of tendon and ligament tissues can be treated via the repair, replacement, or regeneration of the tissue. [ 1 ] Most commonly, autografts, allografts, and xenografts are used in clinical but do not offer satisfactory long‐term clinical outcomes owing to limitations such as re‐rupture, an inadequate number of donors, inflammatory response, donor site morbidity, adhesion formation, mechanical mismatch, and infection risk. [ 2,3 ]…”

“…[9] It has also been reported that the 3D electrospun bundles support cell activities. [1,16] So far, different approaches have been applied to collect the electrospun bundles. Bosworth et al have performed a series of studies on 3D bundles obtained by electrospun mats.…”