In Vitro Bioactivity of Astaxanthin and Peptides from Hydrolisates of Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) By-Products: From the Extraction Process to Biological Effect Evaluation, as Pilot Actions for the Strategy “From Waste to Profit”

Abstract

Non-edible parts of crustaceans could be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and peptides, which have well-recognized beneficial effects. These compounds are widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and their market is rapidly growing, suggesting the need to find alternative sources. The aim of this work was to set up a pilot-scale protocol for the reutilization of by-products of processed shrimp, in order to address the utilization of this valuable biomass for nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals application, through the extraction of astaxanthin-enriched oil and antioxidant-rich protein hydrolysates. Astaxanthin (AST) was obtained using “green extraction methods,” such as using fish oil and different fatty acid ethyl esters as solvents and through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), whereas bioactive peptides were obtained by protease hydrolysis. Both astaxanthin and bioactive peptides exhibited bioactive properties in vitro in cellular model systems, such as antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities (IA). The results show higher astaxanthin yields in ethyl esters fatty acids (TFA) extraction and significant enrichment by short-path distillation (SPD) up to 114.80 ± 1.23 µg/mL. Peptide fractions of <3 kDa and 3–5 kDa exhibited greater antioxidant activity while the fraction 5–10 kDa exhibited a better ACE-IA. Lower-molecular-weight bioactive peptides and astaxanthin extracted using supercritical fluids showed protective effects against oxidative damage in 142BR and in 3T3 cell lines. These results suggest that “green” extraction methods allow us to obtain high-quality bioactive compounds from large volumes of shrimp waste for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

Valorization of Side Stream Products from Sea Cage Fattened Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus): Production and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Enriched ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

“…The SPD temperature used (160 °C), defined in previous studies [ 6 , 7 ], allowed us to obtain a PUFA content of 86.76 ± 0.07 ( Table 5 ). PUFA were increased in the PUFA-SPe (from 57.53% to 86.76%), while those in the PUFA-SPd fraction were depleted (38.61%) ( Table 5 ).…”

“…The need to combine the sustainable management of marine resources with strong actions to recover the intrinsic value of side streams from fisheries and aquaculture is becoming a priority [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Actually, these side streams may represent unused or underutilized resources that still contain a wide number of components with high nutritional value [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Actually, these side streams may represent unused or underutilized resources that still contain a wide number of components with high nutritional value [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. There is a growing interest in research and industry for the sustainable use of fisheries and marine organisms and processing side streams for the extraction of high biological value molecules [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], especially side streams which can be used to obtain molecules of biochemical interest such as fatty acids, peptides, antioxidants, and bioactive metabolites [ 4 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], which can be utilized in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and animal feed fields [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Recent findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of novel food-derived antihypertensive peptides

“…Considering that several studies assessed the inhibition of ACE and renin activities in vitro as indices of antihypertensive properties, it is important that these biological activities reported in in vitro environment are confirmed using in vivo models such as animal and/or human cases of hypertension. This is because some ACE-inhibitory peptides were shown not to reduce blood pressure when orally ingested, partly due to their susceptibility to hydrolytic activities of intestinal proteases, and serum peptidases prior to reaching their target ( Messina et al, 2021 ). For example, among five ACE-inhibitory peptides isolated from chicken foot protein hydrolysates (AVKILP, LSGPVKF, AVFQHNCQE, VGKPGARAPMY and QVGPLIGRYCG), only AVFQHNCQE and QVGPLIGRYCG significantly lowered blood pressure after 6 h of oral ingestion by SHR at 10 mg/kg body weight ( Bravo, Mas-Capdevila, Margalef, Arola-Arnal, & Muguerza, 2019 ).…”

Potential of the Liquid Fermentation of Fishery Waste by Paenibacillus elgii for Metalloprotease Production

“…Recently, the use of protease has gotten a lot of interest in producing bioactive protein hydrolysates as a possible alternative to chemical methods that may emit toxic chemicals or residual organic solvents [3,[19][20][21]. Given this, proteases have been used as a viable tool for green extraction of the bioactive peptides from fishery wastes to achieve the zero-waste objective [22].…”