In vitro B-lymphocyte antigen priming against both non-immunogenic and immunogenic molecules requiring low amounts of antigen and applicable in hybridoma technology

Brams, Peter; Pettijohn, David E.; Brown, M.; Olsson, Lennart

doi:10.1016/0022-1759(87)90430-3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Helper antigens are selected based on their high immunogenicity and enhance responses to weaker antigens via incompletely characterized bystander effects. Proteins previously used as helper antigens include keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), 14,15 the hepatitis B core and surface proteins, tetanus toxoid, 16,17 and (speciesmismatched) heat shock proteins (hsp). 18 A variant of this approach involves the creation of virus-like particles (VLPs) using virus-derived proteins (from hepatitis 19 or human papilloma virus 20 ) fused to antigens of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of DNA tumor vaccine efficacy by gene gun–mediated codelivery of threshold amounts of plasmid-encoded helper antigen

Leitner

Baker

Berenberg

et al. 2009

Blood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nucleic acid-based vaccines are effective in infectious disease models but have yielded disappointing results in tumor models when tumor-associated selfantigens are used. Incorporation of helper epitopes from foreign antigens into tumor vaccines might enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines without increasing toxicity. However, generation of fusion constructs encoding both tumor and helper antigens may be difficult, and resulting proteins have unpredictable physical and immunologic properties. Furthermore, simultaneous production of equal amounts of highly immunogenic helper and weakly immunogenic tumor antigens in situ could favor development of responses against the helper antigen rather than the antigen of interest. We assessed the ability of 2 helper antigens (␤-galactosidase or fragment C of tetanus toxin) encoded by one plasmid to augment responses to a self-antigen (lymphomaassociated T-cell receptor) encoded by a separate plasmid after codelivery into skin by gene gun. This approach allowed ad- IntroductionPlasmid-encoded antigens have been used to induce immune responses in experimental animals and humans for more than a decade. Plasmid-based nucleic acid vaccines are attractive because of simplicity, low cost, and safety, but suboptimal immunogenicity and limited efficacy against certain pathogens and tumors have limited their utility. A variety of strategies have been developed to enhance DNA vaccine efficacy. These approaches include:(1) modification of DNA vaccines to include improved expression plasmids 1 or incorporation of viral vectors 2 ; (2) modifications of cDNA sequences encoding antigen to enhance antigenicity, 3 codon adjustments to optimize transcription, 1,4 or generation of string-ofepitope constructs incorporating selected subunits of antigens 5,6 ; (3) improved delivery systems, including methods for more efficient in vivo transfection of host cells, such as in vivo electroporation 6 or gene gun 7 ; and (4) the use of adjuvants. 8 Adjuvants include conventional adjuvants, such as Freund adjuvant, and the more recently developed chemically defined ("molecular") adjuvants. The latter are intended to enhance immune responses while avoiding, or at least significantly reducing, adverse effects associated with conventional adjuvants.Entities with a wide variety of biologic effects have been used as chemically defined adjuvants for DNA vaccines, including biologic response modifiers such as cytokines (eg, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] 9 ) and costimulatory molecules 10,11 as well as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block undesired or trigger desired pathways, such as anti-CD40 12 or anti-CD137. 13 An alternative strategy involves codelivery of "helper antigens" (ie, foreign antigens that induce strong T-cell responses) with weak antigens of interest. Helper antigens are selected based on their high immunogenicity and enhance responses to weaker antigens via incompletely characterized bystander effects. Proteins previously used as helper antigens include keyh...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of DNA tumor vaccine efficacy by gene gun–mediated codelivery of threshold amounts of plasmid-encoded helper antigen

Leitner

Baker

Berenberg

et al. 2009

Blood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This technique has the practical advantage of requiring short immunization periods and the use of small quantities of an antigen. Although considered difficult and labor intensive relative to in vivo methods, the in vitro immunization route has allowed generation of MAbs to previously nonimmunogenic (23) or weakly immunogenic (1) antigens. Some important factors for the in vitro activation of B lymphocytes include the use of lymphokines, which are usually obtained in thymocyte-conditioned medium (125,137), medium supplementation with mitogens (8), anti-Tsuppressor cell drugs, and insoluble antigen matrices (23).…”

Section: Production and Economics Of Monoclonal Hybridomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although considered difficult and labor intensive relative to in vivo methods, the in vitro immunization route has allowed generation of MAbs to previously nonimmunogenic (23) or weakly immunogenic (1) antigens. Some important factors for the in vitro activation of B lymphocytes include the use of lymphokines, which are usually obtained in thymocyte-conditioned medium (125,137), medium supplementation with mitogens (8), anti-Tsuppressor cell drugs, and insoluble antigen matrices (23). Also, the use of sera from different animal species, specified lots of sera, or serum-free medium supplemented with 2mercaptoethanol and ethanolamine (137) has been shown to be important for in vitro culture and immunization.…”

Section: Production and Economics Of Monoclonal Hybridomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical laboratory applications of monoclonal antibodies

Payne¹,

Marshall²,

Shockley³

et al. 1988

Clin Microbiol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology is well recognized as a significant development for producing specific serologic reagents to a wide variety of antigens in unlimited amounts. These reagents have provided the means for developing a number of highly specific and reproducible immunological assays for rapid and accurate diagnosis of an extensive list of diseases, including infectious diseases. The impact that MAbs have had in characterizing infectious disease pathogens, as well as their current and future applications for use in clinical microbiology laboratories, is reviewed. In addition, the advantages (and disadvantages) of the use of MAbs in a number of immunoassays, such as particle agglutination, radioimmunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunofluorescent-antibody assays, and immunohistology, are explored, including the use of these reagents in novel test system assays. Also, nucleic acid probe technology is compared with the use of MAbs from the perspective of their respective applications in the diagnosis of infectious disease agents. There is no question that hybridoma technology has the potential to alter significantly the methods currently used in most clinical microbiology laboratories.

show abstract

In vitro immunization of rat spleen lymphocytes with Forssman glycosphingolipid antigen and the generation of a monoclonal antibody

Gathuru

Miyoshi

Naiki

1991

Journal of Immunological Methods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vitro B-lymphocyte antigen priming against both non-immunogenic and immunogenic molecules requiring low amounts of antigen and applicable in hybridoma technology

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Enhancement of DNA tumor vaccine efficacy by gene gun–mediated codelivery of threshold amounts of plasmid-encoded helper antigen

Enhancement of DNA tumor vaccine efficacy by gene gun–mediated codelivery of threshold amounts of plasmid-encoded helper antigen

Clinical laboratory applications of monoclonal antibodies

In vitro immunization of rat spleen lymphocytes with Forssman glycosphingolipid antigen and the generation of a monoclonal antibody

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About