In vitro assessments of UVA protection by popular sunscreens available in the United States

Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration’s final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing

“…Up to this moment, there has not been comprehensive guidance on the testing and labeling of UVA protection in US sunscreens, resulting in many products that offer inadequate UVA protection. 17,18 In addition, the ruling also validates the protective role of sunscreen in preventing skin cancer and skin aging when used appropriately with other photoprotective measures. However, judging by the list of pending issues not addressed by the ruling, it is obvious that much more work remains.…”

Sunscreens and Antioxidants as Photo-protective Measures: An update

“…Various indices have been formulated by in vitro and in vivo methods to assess the efficacy of sunscreens with respect to specific components of the UV spectrum [1,57,58,[62][63][64]. These are as follows: i) Sunburn protection factor (SPF) SPF= MED of photo-protected skin with sunscreen/ MED of unprotected skin without sunscreen.…”

About Suncare Products

“…Sunscreen samples were then exposed to a single UV dose of 1.2 times the initial UVA-PF (in joules/m²). The final UVA-PF values for the samples were calculated from the adjusted absorbance spectrum after irradiation [67]. Other calculations made are those of the SPF/UVA-PF ratio, which must be lower than 3, and the critical wavelength λ c (the wavelength under which the product is 90% effective) which must be above or equal to 370 nm according to the recommendations of the AFSSaPS.…”