In vitro assessment of quality of citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine‐1 preserved feline blood collected by a commercial closed system

Abstract

BackgroundOptimal procedure for storage of feline blood is needed. Open‐collection systems have been employed in feline medicine, thus limiting the possibility for storage.ObjectivesTo evaluate indicators of quality of feline blood stored for 35 days at +4°C in a closed‐collection system specifically designed for cats.AnimalsEight healthy adult European domestic shorthair cats with a weight of 5‐6.8 kg.MethodsThis is a case series study. A bacteriological test, CBC, blood smear, pH, osmotic fragility, 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement were performed weekly on whole blood (WB) units from day 1 to day 35 after donation. The hemolysis index, lactate and potassium concentrations, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen were measured on plasma aliquots.ResultsOne out of eight blood units (BUs) had bacterial growth (Serratia marcescens) at day 35. No significant differences were found regarding CBC, morphology, pH, and osmotic fragility. Despite high inter‐individual variability and low starting levels, significant decreases in the mean concentrations of 2,3‐DPG (T0 1.99 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.52, T35 1.25 mmol/g Hb, SD 1.43; P = .003) and ATP (T0 1.45 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.71, T35 0.62 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.51; P < .001) were detected during the study, as opposed to an increase in hemolysis (T0 0.11 mmol/L, SD 0.07, T35 0.84 mmol/L, SD 0.19; P < .001), lactate (T0 3.30 mmol/L, SD 0.86, T35 13.36 mmol/L, SD 2.90; P < .001), and potassium (T0 3.10 mmol/L, SD 0.21, T35 4.12 mmol/L, SD 0.35; P < .001) concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe commercial BU kit is appropriate for blood collection and conservation of WB in cats. The maintenance of WB quality indicators during storage is essential for future improvements of feline transfusion medicine.

Haematological and morphological evaluation of feline whole blood units collected for transfusion purposes

“…Our results were in agreement with a recent study that investigated feline blood collected with a closed system and stored in a similar manner to the blood units in the present study, 14 which found that RBC parameters (RBC count, MCV, MCHC, MCH, RDW, Hct, Hb) did not change significantly during the 35 days of storage, reflecting the situation in equine PRBC units and in canine PRBC units for PCV. 25,26 These results were in contrast to analysis of ovine WB units in which a significant decline in RBC count and an increase in MCV was demonstrated, 27 and in WB units in ferrets where an increase in Hct was noted in the early phase of storage.…”

“…At D35 significant morphological changes were detected, predominantly the formation of echinocytes, and presence of lysed RBCs. The most obvious change was an increase in echinocyte count, as previously shown in feline blood collected with a closed system in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion was also demonstrated during feline blood unit storage, 14 which may explain the echinocytic transformation of normal RBCs. 18 A gradual echinocytic shape transformation was also observed for canine RBCs in PRBC units.…”

“…In addition, despite the increasing availability of stored feline blood units, analysis of blood parameters in feline blood collected for transfusion purposes has rarely been reported in the scientific literature. 9,[11][12][13][14] For these reasons we studied the haematological and cell morphological changes at the end of storage.…”

“…13 However, to our knowledge, the haematological and morphological changes in a limited number of FWB units collected with a closed system and stored for transfusion purposes have only recently been reported. 14 The purpose of this study was to document changes in cellular blood components during storage of FWB units. We hypothesised that the FBW units undergo changes in haematological parameters and morphology after 35 days of storage.…”

Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions

“…Conversely, in veterinary medicine, despite the knowledge of blood storage alterations in different species, such control measures are not well established 9 . In dogs and cats, and even in horses, transfusion medicine has become more advanced with varied protocols and uses for blood products 10‐13 . Moreover, in ruminants, hemotherapy is generally limited to whole blood transfusions 14,15 .…”