In vitro Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Effect of Allium atroviolaceum Bulb Extract on Breast, Cervical, and Liver Cancer Cells

Abstract

Natural products are considered potent sources for novel drug discovery and development. The multiple therapeutic effects of natural compounds in traditional medicine motivate us to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of bulb of Allium atroviolaceum in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, HeLa and HepG2 cell lines. The bulb methanol extract of A. atroviolaceum was found to be an active cell proliferation inhibitor at the time and dose dependent manner. Determination of DNA content by flow cytometry demonstrated S and G2/M phase arrest of MCF-7 cell, correlated to Cdk1 downregulation, S phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 which is p53 and Cdk1-dependent, sub-G0 cell cycle arrest in HeLa aligned with Cdk1 downregulation, G0/G1, S, G2/M phase arrest in HepG2 which is p53-dependent. Apoptosis as the mechanism of cell death was confirmed by morphology study, caspases activity assay, as well as apoptosis related gene expression, Bcl-2. Caspase-8, -9, and -3 activity with downregulation of Bcl-2 illustrated occurrence of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in MCF7, while caspase-3 and -8 activity revealed extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, although Bcl-2 downregulated. In HeLa cells, the activity of caspase-9 and -3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 shows intrinsic pathway or mitochondrial pathway, whereas HepG2 shows caspase independent apoptosis. Further, the combination of the extract with tamoxifen against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 and combination with doxorubicin against HeLa and HeG2 demonstrated synergistic effect in most concentrations, suggests that the bulb of A. atroviolaceum may be useful for the treatment of cancer lonely or in combination with other drugs.

Cytotoxicity and Proapoptotic Effects ofAllium atroviolaceumFlower Extract by Modulating Cell Cycle Arrest and Caspase-Dependent andp53-Independent Pathway in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

“…Some components of Allium vegetables are reported to block several stages of carcinogenesis, although the underlying mechanisms of action are generally unclear [ 8 ]. The previous studies on A. atroviolaceum bulb extract against breast, cervical, and liver cancers [ 9 ] and flower extracts against HepG2 [ 10 ] and Hela [ 11 ] cells demonstrated potential anticancer activity.…”

Methanol Extract of Coleus amboinicus (Lour) Exhibited Antiproliferative Activity and Induced Programmed Cell Death in Colon Cancer Cell WiDr

“…Food Science 8 and 9 can activate both Caspase 3 and 7 during intrinsic and extrinsic pathways respectively[28].…”

Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of Siddha Anti-Psoriatic Formulation Panchamuga Chendhuram Using Cultured Human Keratinocyte Cell Lines

“…The effect of PMC at 48 h treatment shows only a few dead cells. In a study conducted by Khazaei et al, the cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of bulb of Allium atroviolaceum (BAA) in MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HeLa and HepG2 cell lines, the results showed the BAA extract on MDA-MB-231 treated cells entered early apoptosis stage in IC 25 , IC 50 , and IC 75 concentrations after 24 and 48 h. However, at 72 h, the proportion of early apoptotic cells decreased compared to 24 and 48 h, this suggested that the cell death might occur due to nutrient depletion in the growth media or contact inhibition [20]. In the same way, PMC at 24 h showed an increase in anti-proliferative activity, but after 48 h exposure, the activity decreases (Fig.…”