In vitro Antioxidant Response of the Equine Blood Treated by Leaf Extract of Ficus drupacea Thunb.

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the aqueous extract derived from the leaves of Ficus drupacea Thunb. using oxidative stress biomarkers (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins, and total antioxidant capacity) and antioxidant defences (activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase GPx), ceruloplasmin (CP)) on the model of equine erythrocytes and plasma after incubation in vitro. Freshly collected leaves were washed, weighed, crushed, and homogenized in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (in the proportion of 1:19, w/w). The equine erythrocytes and plasma were used in the current study. A volume of 0.1 ml of the F. drupacea extract was added to 1.9 ml of equine erythrocytes or plasma. For positive control (blank), 0.1 ml of phosphate buffer was used. The treatment of equine plasma and erythrocytes by extract derived from leaves of F. drupacea resulted in reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidatively modified protein. Treatment by extract resulted in a reduced erythrocyte TBARS level of 21.9% (p = 0.017) compared to the untreated samples. The levels of aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins were non-significantly decreased. The incubation of equine plasma with an extract derived from leaves of F. drupacea increased antioxidant defences. The activity of SOD and GPx were increased by 41.6% (p = 0.000) and 61.5% (p = 0.000) in the equine plasma after in vitro incubation with an extract derived from leaves of F. drupacea compared to the untreated samples. The level of total antioxidant capacity was non-significantly increased. However, further detailed investigation, especially in vivo and in vitro antioxidant studies is needed to justify the use of extract derived from leaves of F. drupacea as a natural source of antioxidants.

In Vitro Antioxidant Response of the Equine Blood Treated by Extract Derived from Leaves of Ficus Sagittata Vahl (Moraceae)

“…The level of lipid peroxidation was determined by quantifying the concentration of 2-thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) with the Kamyshnikov (2004) method for determining the malonic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration and described in the paper by Tkachenko et al (2022). This method is based on the reaction of the degradation of the lipid peroxidation product, MDA, with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) under high temperature and acidity to generate a colored adduct that is measured spectrophotometrically.…”

“…The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level in samples was estimated by measuring the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level after Tween 80 oxidation. This level was determined spectrophotometrically at 532 nm by Galaktionova et al ( 1998) and described in the paper by Tkachenko et al (2022). The sample inhibits the Fe 2+ /ascorbateinduced oxidation of Tween 80, resulting in a decrease in the TBARS level.…”

“…The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, E.C. 1.15.1.1) was assessed by its ability to dismutate superoxide generated in the process of quercetin auto-oxidation in an alkaline medium (pH 10.0), as proposed by Kostiuk et al (1990) and described in the paper by Tkachenko et al (2022). The activity was expressed in units of SOD per mL.…”

“…The activity of catalase (CAT, E.C. 1.11.1.6) was determined by measurement of the decrease in H 2 O 2 in the reaction mixture, using a spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 410 nm and the method described by Koroliuk and co-workers (1988) and described in the paper by Tkachenko et al (2022). One unit of catalase activity was defined as the amount of enzyme necessary to decompose 1 μmol H 2 O 2 per min per mL.…”

In Vitro Protective Effect of Leaf Extract of Ficus Deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Human Erythrocytes

“…In our previous studies, we assessed in vitro antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts derived from leaves of juvenile and mature shoots of Ficus pumila L. [32] and leaf extract of Ficus drupacea Thunb. using equine blood as a biological model for cytotoxic studies [31]. The current study was designed to investigate the antioxidant properties of the aqueous extracts derived from leaves of F. deltoidea using the model of human blood.…”