In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterases, anti‐α‐amylase, and anti‐α‐glucosidase effects of AlgerianSalvia aegyptiacaandSalvia verbenaca

Abstract

In this study, Salvia aegyptiaca and Salvia verbenaca aerial part decoction and methanol extracts (SAE DE, SAE ME, SVR DE, and SVR ME) were screened for their in vitro antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, and antidiabetic enzymes inhibition activities. The antioxidant properties of Salvia extracts were determined using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Alkaline DMSO superoxide radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, reducing power, and metal chelating activity assays. All extracts showed high antioxidant capacity and the antioxidant properties with the best performance were detected in the SAE ME and SVR ME. The extracts of S. aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca showed a low inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whereas, the methanol extract of S. aegyptiaca had the highest inhibitory activity on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (71.60 ± 4.33% for 100 µg/ml) compared to the other extracts. In vitro inhibitory effect on diabetic enzymes showed that the ME inhibited α-amylase enzyme with an IC 50 86 and 101 µg/ml for SAE and SVR, respectively. Similarly, both extracts inhibited α-glucosidase with (IC 50 97 and 150 µg/ ml, respectively). The decoction extracts exhibited lower activity on both enzymes.

An Insight into Salvia haematodes L. (Lamiaceae) Bioactive Extracts Obtained by Traditional and Green Extraction Procedures

“…Interestingly, SHS total extract showed a good inhibitory activity against BChE with an IC 50 value of 35.8 μg/mL. However, if we analyse literature data, S. haematodes exhibited a more potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity than other Salvia species including, for example, S. verbenaca and S. aegyptiaca methanol and decoction that showed a percentage of inhibition lower than 40% at 100 μg/mL, respectively [ 19 ]. A similar observation should be made by comparing our data with data obtained by Topçu et al [ 20 ] that investigated fourteen extracts of Salvia species against AChE and BChE.…”

Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Salvia verbenaca L.: A Comprehensive Review

“…They also observed that the radical scavenging activity had no significant correlation with the phenolic content and a low correlation with the flavonoid content. Belkhiri et al [ 21 ] investigated the antioxidant potential of some fractions of the methanol extracts using the DPPH method, metal chelating activity, and reducing power assay, and all extracts showed potent antioxidant activity [ 13 ]. The cupric ion reducing capacity (CUPRAC) and Fe 3+ reducing capacity (phenanthroline assay) of the extracts were investigated, and the findings exhibited that both extracts had high antioxidant capacity, with methanolic extract exhibiting the highest activity [ 14 ].…”

“…Several earlier studies have shown S. verbenaca 's antidiabetic activity in vitro [ 13 ]. Additional studies are shown in Section 2.8 and Figure 8 .…”

“…Consequently, the antibacterial efficacy of extracts and essential oils (EO) from S. verbenaca was remarkable against gram-positive bacteria compared to the gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, S. verbenaca was found to have an antioxidant effect against free radical damage [ 12 ] and significantly reduce the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 13 , 14 ]. According to previous studies, the anticancer properties of S. verbenaca extracts and essential oils have also been reported [ 15 – 19 ].…”

Comparison of Various Solvent Extracts and Major Bioactive Components from Unsalt-Fried and Salt-Fried Rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides for Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities

“…It has been shown that the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase correlates with an increase in postprandial glucose level and reduces the absorbance of glucose in the intestine, limiting the excursion of glucose in plasma. The control of activity is an important feature in diabetes treatment [ 1 ].…”