In vitro antimicrobial activity of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone against major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus

Madhuri, Madhuri; Shireen, Tahsina; Venugopal, Subhashree; Ghosh, Dipankar; Gadepalli, Ravisekhar; Dhawan, Benu; Mukhopadhyay, Kasturi

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.020

Cited by 44 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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confidence: 58%

“…In our previous study we showed that ␣-MSH is active against staphylococcal biofilm and can retain its activity in whole blood, plasma, and serum (31). Our study also demonstrated that ␣-MSH damages the S. aureus membrane in a dose dependent manner (31). Studies by others have revealed that the candidacidal effect of ␣-MSH might be mediated through the induction of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The study was also extended to understand the effect of NaCl and different ions (Mg 2ϩ and Ca 2ϩ ) on the killing efficacy of peptides against S. aureus. In our previous study we suggested that membrane damage might be partially responsible for staphylocidal activity of ␣-MSH (31). In the present study we investigated how the chosen fragments of ␣-MSH kill S. aureus and whether their mode of antibacterial activity recapitulates that of the entire peptide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Several reports, including ours, have recently demonstrated that ␣-MSH and its C-terminal sequence [Lys-Pro-Val, i.e., ␣-MSH(11-13)] have strong and rapid antimicrobial activity against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans (10,12,31). In our previous study we showed that ␣-MSH is active against staphylococcal biofilm and can retain its activity in whole blood, plasma, and serum (31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…␣-MSH also shares a number of similarities with other natural host defense antimicrobial peptides. For example, (i) it is cationic in nature, (ii) it adopts a helical structure in a membrane mimetic environment (32), (iii) it causes membrane permeabilization like known antimicrobial peptides (31), and (iv) it has broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity (10,12,18,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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C-Terminal Amino Acids of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Are Requisite for Its Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Singh

Mukhopadhyay

2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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105

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Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (␣-MSH) is an endogenous neuropeptide that is known for its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.We recently demonstrated that ␣-MSH possesses staphylocidal activity and causes bacterial membrane damage. To understand the role of its amino acid sequences in the staphylocidal mechanism, in the present study we investigated the antimicrobial activities of different fragments of ␣-MSH, i.e., ␣-MSH(6-13), ␣-MSH(11-13), and ␣-MSH(1-5), and compared them with that of the entire peptide. Our results showed that peptides containing the C-terminal region of ␣-MSH, namely, ␣-MSH(6-13) and ␣-MSH(11-13), efficiently killed >90% of both methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus cells in the micromolar range and ϳ50% of these cells in the nanomolar range; their efficiency was comparable to that of the entire ␣-MSH, whereas the peptide containing the N-terminal region, ␣-MSH(1-5), was found to be ineffective against S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity of ␣-MSH and its C-terminal fragments was not affected by the presence of NaCl or even divalent cations such as Ca 2؉ and Mg 2؉ . Similar to the case for the parent peptide, ␣-MSH(6-13) and ␣-MSH(11-13) also depolarized and permeabilized Staphylococcus cells (ϳ70 to 80% of the cells were depolarized and lysed after 2 h of peptide exposure at micromolar concentrations). Furthermore, scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed remarkable morphological and ultrastructural changes on S. aureus cell surface due to exposure to ␣-MSH-based peptides. Thus, our observations indicate that C-terminal fragments of ␣-MSH retain the antimicrobial activity of entire peptide and that their mechanism of action is similar to that of full-length peptide. These observations are important and are critical in the rational design of ␣-MSH-based therapeutics with optimal efficacy.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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C-Terminal Amino Acids of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Are Requisite for Its Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Singh

Mukhopadhyay

2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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105

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Antimicrobial Peptides: Their History, Evolution, and Functional Promiscuity

2013

Antimicrobial Peptides

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Bacterial resistance mechanisms against host defense peptides

Koprivnjak

Peschel

2011

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

125

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Host defense peptides and proteins are important components of the innate host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. They target negatively charged bacterial surfaces and disrupt microbial cytoplasmic membranes, which ultimately leads to bacterial destruction. Throughout evolution, pathogens devised several mechanisms to protect themselves from deleterious damage of host defense peptides. These strategies include (a) inactivation and cleavage of host defense peptides by production of host defense binding proteins and proteases, (b) repulsion of the peptides by alteration of pathogen's surface charge employing modifications by amino acids or amino sugars of anionic molecules (e.g., teichoic acids, lipid A and phospholipids), (c) alteration of bacterial membrane fluidity, and (d) expulsion of the peptides using multi drug pumps. Together with bacterial regulatory network(s) that regulate expression and activity of these mechanisms, they represent attractive targets for development of novel antibacterials.

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone against major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 44 publications

References 44 publications

C-Terminal Amino Acids of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Are Requisite for Its Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

C-Terminal Amino Acids of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Are Requisite for Its Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial Peptides: Their History, Evolution, and Functional Promiscuity

Bacterial resistance mechanisms against host defense peptides

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