In Vitro Antihyperlipidemic Potential of Triterpenes from Stem Bark of Protorhus longifolia

Abstract

Two lanostane triterpenes, 3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oic acid (1) and methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate (2), were isolated from the stem bark of Protorhus longifolia. Their structures were deduced on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (NMR, HRMS, IR). This study investigated the in vitro anti-adipogenic activity of the two triterpenes. Their inhibitory activity was evaluated on selected lipid digestive enzymes (pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase). The inhibitory activity of the compounds on hormone-sensitive lipase and their ability to bind bile acids were also evaluated. The effect of the compounds on glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and on triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. The triterpenes effectively inhibited the activities of the enzymes with IC50 values ranging from 0.04 to 0.31 mg/mL. The compounds showed a high affinity for secondary bile acids. Both compounds stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Compound 1 significantly reduced triglyceride accumulation in mature differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It is apparent that these lanostane triterpenes enhance glucose uptake and suppress adipogenesis, which together with their inhibitory effects on lipid digestive enzymes suggests that they have antihyperlipidemic potential.

A Lanosteryl Triterpene (RA-3) Exhibits Antihyperuricemic and Nephroprotective Effects in Rats

“…RA-3 was routinely isolated and purified from the chloroform extract of P. longifolia stem bark using chromatographic techniques. The physical (white crystals, >95% pure, melting point 204–205 °C) and spectral data (IR (KBr) v max = 3469, 1683 cm –1 , molecular formula C 31 H 50 O 3 ) of this compound were in agreement with previous reports from our laboratory [ 14 , 18 ]. The expected chemical structure of the compound was confirmed as methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate ( Figure 1 ).…”

A Lanosteryl Triterpene from Protorhus longifolia Improves Glucose Tolerance and Pancreatic Beta Cell Ultrastructure in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…Engl. ( Anacardiaceae ) possesses a broad spectrum of biological properties, including in vivo hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. We have already reported that RA-3 administration for 14 days suppressed glucose levels and increased hepatic glycogen content in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats [ 20 ].…”

Bioativities of plant-isolated Triterpenes: A brief review

“…Além disso, a captação de glicose também melhorou em células musculares C 2 C 12 . 40 Outros triterpenos do tipo lanostano, isolados de Ganoderma lucidum também mostraram efeito de inibição da diferenciação das células 3T3-L1, evidenciado pela redução do acúmulo de lipídeos. 41 Uma revisão de literatura mostrou diversos estudos realizados com triterpenos ginsenosídeos, principais constituintes do ginseng (raíz da espécie Panax ginseng), sobre a obesidade (in vivo) e a adipogênese (in vitro).…”