In vitro Antifungal Activity of Some Plants Against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem

Kekuda, T.R.Prashith; Akarsh, S; Nawaz, Ali; M, Ranjitha; Darshini, S.M.; Vidya, Parimala

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2016.506.037

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[11][12][13] Plants produce compounds which have been shown to inhibit the growth and development of diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and other disease-causing organisms. 14,15 Plant extracts have the ability to induce defences in plants, resulting in an effective tolerance against pathogen attack. 16 Therefore, the presence of these antimicrobial compounds in plants provides an opportunity for their use in the management of pests and diseases as environmentally safe alternatives to synthetic pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum for the management of tomato seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani

2020

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Seedling production under smallholder farming systems can be negatively affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major biotic factors which causes significant yield reduction. Management is mainly based on the application of synthetic fungicides and cultural practices. However, both methods have limitations which result in their inefficiency. Several studies have reported on the use of plant extracts and biological control to manage plant diseases. The aim of this study was to formulate an effective and practical approach to manage tomato seedling dampingoff using extracts of Monsonia burkeana and Moringa oleifera and a biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. The efficacy of both extracts was investigated under laboratory conditions to determine the most suppressive concentration to R. solani growth. Methanolic extracts from both plants significantly suppressed pathogen growth at different concentrations. M. burkeana significantly reduced R. solani growth at 8 g/mL (71%) relative to control whilst Moringa oleifera extract reduced pathogen growth by 60% at a concentration of 6 g/mL. The highest suppressive concentrations were further evaluated under greenhouse conditions to test their efficacy on seedling damping-off. In damping-off treatments, both plant extracts and T. harzianum also significantly reduced (p=0.5) pre- and post-emergence dampingoff incidence. M. burkeana recorded the highest suppression at 78%, followed by M. oleifera at 64%. Trichoderma harzianum reduced incidence of damping-off by 60% and this was higher than both plant extract treatments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum for the management of tomato seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani

2020

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“…There are harmful effects associated with the use of synthetic pesticides such as toxicity and poisoning [16]. Synthetic pesticides also lead to environmental pollution due to the unbiodegradable nature of their constituent compounds [17]. According to Parliman [18], degradation of metham sodium and other fumigants was reported to last up to over six months after application.…”

Section: Limitations and Challenges In The Use Of Conventional Pesticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopesticides and Their Role in Sustainable Agricultural Production

Lengai¹,

Muthomi²

2018

JBM

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Biopesticides are derivatives of plants, microorganisms and insects. Substances from plants and animals have been used to manage diseases in crops, animals and humans. Reliance on nature to heal nature is a practise for many people around the world. Use of natural products was overtaken by synthetic chemicals due to their efficacy, reliability and quick knock down effect. However, synthetic pesticides have become a health hazards for humans and environment due to their toxicity and pollution. Biopesticides are potential alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Sources of biopesticides are readily available, easily biodegradable, exhibit various modes of action, are less expensive and have low toxicity to humans and non-target organisms. Neem, pyrethrum, cotton and tobacco are known sources of botanical pesticides and have already been commercialized. Other sources of botanical pesticides include garlic, euphorbia, citrus, pepper among others. Species of Trichoderma, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Beauveria have been commercialized as microbial pesticides. Biopesticides are however faced with challenges of formulation, registration, commercialization, acceptance and adoption. This paper describes several aspects of biopesticide development, including but not limited to, their sources, production, formulation, commercialization, efficacy and role in sustainable agriculture.

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“…The diameter of fungal colonies was measured in mutual perpendicular directions using a ruler. The antifungal potential of leaf extract (in terms of inhibition of mycelial growth) was determined using the formula: Inhibition of mycelial growth (%) = (Dc -Dt / Dc) x 100, where 'Dc' refers to colony diameter in control plate and 'Dt' refers to colony diameter in poisoned plates [42] [43].…”

Section: Antifungal Activity Of Leaf Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken

Tr¹,

Kenie²,

Dm³

et al. 2017

ijpm

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Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae.Methods: Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti.Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: Curvularia sp. (53.64% inhibition) > Fusarium sp. (45.81% inhibition) > Alternaria sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC50 value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC50 value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC50 value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively.Conclusions: The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out.

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In vitro Antifungal Activity of Some Plants Against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Application of plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum for the management of tomato seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Application of plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum for the management of tomato seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Biopesticides and Their Role in Sustainable Agricultural Production

Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of <em>Hydnocarpus pentandra</em> (Buch.-Ham.) Oken

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