In-vitro anticandidial efficacy of tick egg wax from Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa and Dermacentor marginatus

Bilgin, Nazlı; Hacıoğlu, Mayram; Güzel, Çağla Bozkurt; Erdal, Berna; Kar, Sırrı

doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.707924

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The wax’s chemical properties and antimicrobial efficacy can vary dramatically depending on the species of the agents and ticks 16 , 42 . In line with this fact, a recent study carried out by our study group showed that the egg wax of R. bursa is effective against Candida tropicalis at certain levels, but the wax of H. marginatum is not 25 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…This result indicates that the wax coating of eggs in some tick species such as R. bursa can be one of the most crucial barriers protecting the eggs from the predation of L. alienus . Although the antimicrobial activity of the wax has been well documented 22 – 25 , as far as we know, our result provides the first accurate evidence for its anti-predatory efficacy. Furthermore, the anti-predatory activity of the egg wax of R. bursa against L. alienus was clearly more substantial than the egg wax of H. marginatum and particularly the egg wax of H. excavatum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The divergences in the egg-laying sites and habitat preferences of H. marginatum , H. excavatum , and R. bursa may, of course, be the reason for the difference in their egg wax activities, as previously reported in these 25 and some other tick species 16 , 42 . However, biological differences between the species also seem to play a role in species-specific wax differences, at least in its antipredatory activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The entire process of egg-laying, larval hatching, and attachment of the larvae to the host can be completed within a few weeks under field conditions in Turkey. Although the adults of R. bursa feed in hot months (primarily around June), the egg-laying and larval hatching process can take several weeks, and the immature stages are found on the host in the late autumn or winter 25 , 32 . This information indicates that the more protective feature of egg wax of R. bursa is most likely the natural consequence of an evolutionary adaptation, possibly driven by prolonged exposure of the eggs to environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the function of the wax, it has been reported that it reduces water loss, waterproofs the eggs, ensures the proper gas exchange between the eggs and air and holds the eggs together 16 , 18 . The wax also provides protection against chemical and physical factors such as cold, heat, proteinase K and pronase, or microbial agents including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa 19 – 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predation of ant species Lasius alienus on tick eggs: impacts of egg wax coating and tick species

Kar

Şirin

Akyıldız

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Several animal species, including ants, have been reported to be capable of predation on ticks. However, determining factors in most interactions between ticks and predators have not yet been fully deciphered. We hypothesized that the ant species Lasius alienus, which is unknown whether it has any impact on ticks, may exhibit predation on the eggs of tick species Hyalomma marginatum, H. excavatum, and Rhipicephalus bursa, and that the tick egg wax can be the main determinant in possible predation. In the study, 6300 tick eggs with the natural wax coating (waxed/untreated) and 2700 dewaxed tick eggs, the wax of which was removed in the laboratory, were repeatedly presented to the foraging workers belonging to three different ant nests in their natural habitat. Depending on the tick species and trials, the rate of the eggs carried by the ants ranged from 12.8 to 52.1% in the waxed and from 59.8 to 78.4% in the dewaxed eggs. It was observed that the dewaxing process both increased the interest of the ants in the eggs and resulted in a reduction in the variation associated with tick species. This study showed that L. alienus has a predatory effect on tick eggs, the severity of this impact is closely associated with the tick species, the tick-associated difference is caused by the species-specific property of the egg wax, and the variety in the protective effects of the wax seems to be an evolutional result of the biological and ecological adaptation process of the species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%