In vitro anticancer activity of hydatid cyst fluid on colon cancer cell line (C26)

Abstract

Background Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. Some parasites are introduced as an antineoplastic agents that can inhibit the progress of some cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crude hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) on clone cancer cell line (C26). Methods HCF was isolated from hydatid cysts by syringe, and at the first, its toxicity was obtained by 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometer, and also the expression of Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) genes was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results The amount of apoptosis was increased in B antigen-treated cell lines in comparison with the control group. Also, the expression of BAX was increased in the treated group, while the BCL2 expression was decreased in comparison with the control one. Cell cycle analysis in the antigen-treated group compared to the other groups showed that the cells were more in the G0/G1 phase, as well as in the G2/M phase, and fewer cells were in the synthesis phase. Conclusion Our finding showed that HCF possibly contains active compounds and can limit the growth and development of C26 cell line by reducing or increasing the genes involved in apoptosis and finally the effect on the cell cycle. Graphical Abstract

Investigating the Inhibitory Effects of Hydatid Cyst Fluid and its Antigens on Cancer Progression: A Review

“…In vitro studies investigating the effects of HCF or its antigens on cancer cells have provided valuable insights into their potential therapeutic applications [12]. Several studies using different cancer cell lines have reported significant inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of migration upon treatment with either HCF or specific antigens such as AgB or HSPs [5].…”

“…Scientific research aimed at finding more targeted and effective treatments for different cancers can greatly impact decreasing cancer deaths and costs. The investigation of natural substances with potential anti-cancer properties has gained significant attention in recent years [3][4][5], and one area of research that has piqued interest is hydatid cysts are caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus and are commonly found in livestock-producing regions around the world [6][7][8]. Research has shown that HCF contains compounds and antigens that can stimulate the immune system and induce anti-tumor effects.…”

“…The fluid within these cysts contains a complex mixture of components, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other bioactive molecules [11]. Recent studies have suggested that these components may possess anti-cancer properties, and there is growing interest in understanding the composition and properties of HCF and the role of its antigens in inhibiting cancer progression [5,12]. Researchers have investigated potential mechanisms behind the action of these substances and have examined findings from both in vitro and animal model studies on cancer cells' response to HCF or its antigens treatment.…”

“…These antigens seem to stimulate the immune system's response against cancer cells and prevent their growth and proliferation. Several studies have also demonstrated that HCF or HFAs can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, which is a crucial mechanism for preventing cancer progression [5,12]. Other mechanisms that have been proposed include the induction of oxidative stress, the inhibition of angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels that tumors rely on for growth), and the modulation of signaling pathways involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation [16].…”