In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties and Pre-Liminary Phtytochemical Analysis of Amomum subulatum Roxburg (Large Cardamom)

Abstract

The efficacy of methanolic seed extracts of Amomum subulatum Roxb. activity against bacterias such Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerugenosa and Candida albican senegalensis was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts was determined using standard methods. Results obtained showed considerable inhibition against the bacteria tested except Salmonella pyrogenes and Escheria Coli which showed considerable resistance at all concentrations of the extract. It can also observe that the extract exhibited greater inhibition on Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aerugenosa (18±0.2 and 17±0.3). However the standard antibacterial drug tetracycline exhibit superior activity than the extract. Both the MICs and MBCs of the extract ranges from 50 to 200 mg/ml. Its further reveals that Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus exhibit broadest activity at MIC and MBC concentrations of 50mg/ml. While the rest Salmonella typhii and Pseudomonas aerogunosa and candida albicans of the bacteria shows negative turbidity and resistance at MIC and MBC of 100mg/ml. This activity was indicative of the possible means of finding pure active principles from natural source with possible high potency that could serve as a lead to the pharmaceuticals. The low concentration (MIC and MBC) activity of the methanolic extracts give credence and scientific base for the claim therapeutic capabilities of Amomum subulatum as an anti-bacterial agent. The extract concentrate yield of the methanolic extracts was estimated to be 9.8%w/w which is brown in colour and oily in texture. Preliminary screening analysis of the powdered methanolic seed extracts showed the presence of Carbohydrate, tannins, cardioactive glycosides, tepenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. Anthraquinone was not found in the extract. The study provides the basis of use of this plant Amomum subulam in treatment of infections caused by pathogens (bacteria) and the phytochemical found are implicated in having anti-bacterial properties.

Insight into the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activities of Amomum subulatum and Amomum xanthioides: an in vitro and in silico study

“…In an older study, essential oils from Indian A. subulatum fruits exhibited antimicrobial activity similar to or higher than that of ciprofloxacin (as a standard) against B. pumilus , S. aureus , S. epidermidis , and P. aeruginosa ( Agnihotri et al., 2012 ). For the seeds, methanolic seed extracts of A. subulatum exhibited reasonable antimicrobial activity at a dose of 800 mg/ml against B. subtilis , Salmonella typhii , and P. aeruginosa , when compared to tetracycline as a standard ( Tijjani et al., 2012 ). Bacterial cell death might come from the effect of essential oil on membrane permeability, resulting in bacterial cell wall lysis ( Bajpai et al., 2013 ).…”

Immunoboosting Potential of Spices with Special Reference to North East India against the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic- A Review

“…Sikkim in general contributes to 88% among the total production quantity [38]. Essential oil content of large cardamom varied from 1.95% to 3.32% having medicinal properties like stimulant, stomachic, alexipharmic and astringent [39]. The spice is used in the treatment of indigestion, vomiting, biliousness, abdominal pains and rectal diseases apart from being used as flavouring agent [40].…”

“…The spice is used in the treatment of indigestion, vomiting, biliousness, abdominal pains and rectal diseases apart from being used as flavouring agent [40]. The spice also contained various phenolic flavonoid compounds (Thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and y-terpene) having antimicrobial and antioxidant properties [39] (Table 1).…”

Prophylactic and therapeutic potential of active phytoconstituents from Amomum subulatum Roxb

“…A very recent investigation has highlighted the potential of dichloromethane extract of Amomum subulatum for its apoptotic activity against lung cancer cells (Makhija et al., 2022). Amomum subulatum's essential oil and various fractions have also shown lipid‐lowering (Bairwa et al., 2011), gastroprotective (Jafri et al., 2001), and antimicrobial (Tijjani et al, 2012) properties. Amomum subulatum ’s vast geographic distribution in several Southeast Asian countries, as well as its promising phytochemical profile and pharmacological investigations, has created an opportunity for the wider development of the plant's medicinal characteristics at both the local and international levels.…”