In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity of Ethanol Extract from Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f) Leaves

Abstract

<jats:p>Anti retroviral drugs for HIV has problems with uncomfortable side effects and that endanger the lives of HIV sufferers. Several herbs have been empirically proven to have an effect on HIV eradication through inhibition of reverse transcriptase. One of such antiviral herbs is Justicia gendarussa (J. gendarussa). The aim of research is to evaluate anti-HIV activity of 70% fractionated-ethanol extract (with releasing alkaloids) and 70% ethanol extract (without releasing alkaloids) of J. gendarussa leaves on in vitro HIV-infected of MOLT-4 cells. The effect of the extracts in inhibiting viral replication and fusion process on acute HIV infection was identi- fied through syncytia formation assay. Effect of the extracts on HIV p24 antigen was evaluated using HIV-1 p24 ELISA kit. It was found that 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves significantly inhibited of HIV replication by inhibition of syncytia formation, where the 50% effective concen- tration (EC50) values of the 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 70.5 μg/mL and 228.7 μg/mL, respec- tively. Both of the extracts were also significantly inhibited HIV replication by decreasing HIV p24 antigen level where the EC 50 values of the 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 88.8 μg/mL and 540.7 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, it was found that 70% fractionated-ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves has anti-HIV activity since its EC50 values less than 100 μg/mL. It was concluded that J. gendarussa could be potentially developed into a phytopharmaceutical product due to its anti-HIV activity.</jats:p>

Emerging concepts in male contraception: a narrative review of novel, hormonal and non-hormonal options

“…126 It has also been explored for its potential use in a variety of conditions, including, but not limited to, hypertension, AIDS, arthritis, and liver disease. [127][128][129][130] Specifically, the active ingredient, flavonoid gendarusin A, has shown to reversibly inhibit the activity of spermatozoa hyaluronidase, an enzyme crucial to sperm penetration of the cumulus oophorus during the acrosome reaction. [131][132][133] The chemical make-up of the leaf has been explored previously, but its potential use as a male contraceptive has yet to be demonstrated in dedicated preclinic contexts and clinical trials.…”

Optimization of Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) Extraction from Justicia gendarussa Leaves Using Box-Behnken Design

“…This plant possesses various therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, 13,14 hepatoprotective, 13 antimicrobial, 14 and anti-HIV. 15 This substance is commonly employed in conventional medicine for the management of an assortment of medical conditions such as fever, cough, aphthae, arthritis, headache, liver disorders, chronic rheumatism, inflammation, vaginal discharge, dyspepsia, facial paralysis, earache, bronchitis, and ophthalmic disorders. 16,17 The efficacy of plant AMP extraction depends on various factors, including the choice of solvent, such as acetic acid, the pH level of the surrounding environment, and the proportion of solvent to solid materials.…”