In vitro anti-Herpes simplex virus activity of crude extract of the roots of Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae)

Abstract

BackgroundNauclea latifolia Smith, a shrub belonging to the family Rubiaceae is a very popular medicinal plant in Cameroon and neighboring countries where it is used to treat jaundice, yellow fever, rheumatism, abdominal pains, hepatitis, diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, as well as diabetes. The ethno-medicinal use against yellow fever, jaundice and diarrhea prompted us to investigate on the antiviral activity of the root bark of N. latifolia. In this study, HSV-2 was chosen as a viral model because of its strong impact on HIV transmission and acquisition.MethodsThe crude extract under study was prepared by maceration of air-dried and powdered roots barks of N. latifolia in CH2Cl2/MeOH (50:50) mixture for 48 hours, then it was subjected to filtration and evaporation under vacuum. A phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a photodiode array and mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-qMS). The anti-HSV-2 activity was assayed in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virucidal and time of addition assays. Data values were compared using the Extra sum of squares F test of program GraphPad PRISM 4.ResultsThe main components detected in the extract belong to the class of indole alkaloids characteristic of Nauclea genus. Strictosamide, vincosamide and pumiloside were tentatively identified together with quinovic acid glycoside. N. latifolia crude extract inhibited both acyclovir sensitive and acyclovir resistant HSV-2 strains, with IC50 values of 5.38 μg/ml for the former and 7.17 μg/ml for the latter. The extract was found to be most active when added post-infection, with IC50 of 3.63 μg/ml.ConclusionThe results of this work partly justify the empirical use of N. latifolia in traditional medicine for the treatment of viral diseases. This extract could be a promising rough material for the development of a new and more effective modern anti-HSV-2 medication also active against acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strains.

Establishment of transgenic Rhazya stricta hairy roots to modulate terpenoid indole alkaloid production

“…The present results were in line with three UV maxima and MS data (Table 2, Online 3) obtained for isolated alkaloid from Rhazya analysed by EI-HRMS (Atta-ur-Rahman et al 1991). The MS data for alkaloid 4 from other plant species (Yamazaki et al 2003;Dhooghe et al 2008;Donalisio et al 2013) have been also consistent with the present results.…”

Agmatine-Containing Poly(amidoamine)s as a Novel Class of Antiviral Macromolecules: Structural Properties and In Vitro Evaluation of Infectivity Inhibition

“…The viability of cells preseeded in 96-well plates was determined under identical culture conditions in antiviral assays (i.e., cell density and time of incubation with compounds) using a CellTiter 96 proliferation assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC 50 ) were determined using Prism software, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated by dividing the CC 50 by the EC 50 (19). All data were generated from duplicate wells in at least three independent experiments.…”

In vitro Broad Antiviral Function against HBV, HSV, H3N2 Replication by Baicalin and Oroxylin A-7-O-Β-D-Glucoside

“…After incubation at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 24 h, cells were inoculated with HSV-II (100 TCID50. [23]). After 1.5 h, the cells were washed three times with PBS, then media containing the indicated concentrations of OAG or baicalin was added.…”