In vitro antagonistic activities of Lactobacillus spp. against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli

Bernardeau, Marion; Guéguen, M.; Smith, David George Emslie; Corona-Barrera, Enrique; Vernoux, Jean-Paul

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.020

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…LACTOBACILLI ANTAGONIZE BRACHYSPIRA PILOSICOLI 5407 similar observations described previously (6). Coaggregation may prove detrimental to Brachyspira by rendering it incapable of escaping the eliminating effect of mucus, for which motility and chemotaxis are considered key virulence features (35,38).…”

Section: Vol 77 2011mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…A possible explanation may be the strain-dependent production of a pH-dependent active compound(s), such as hydrogen peroxide, and/or other antimicrobial compounds, such as reuterin or bacteriocins (29). Lactobacillus CFS has been shown to induce a stress response in Brachyspira, often with a lethal effect attributable to lactic acid (6). Heat-inactivated lactobacilli had no effect on B. pilosicoli growth, supporting the role of secreted compounds in inhibiting growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Agar motility inhibition assays were performed using the spot test as previously described (6). Each Lactobacillus strain, either viable or heat inactivated and resuspended in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (1 ϫ 10 9 CFU/ml), was preincubated anaerobically with either a B. pilosicoli B2904 or B. innocens B2960 cell suspension in 0.1 M PBS (1 ϫ 10 9 CFU/ml) (1/1 [vol/vol]) for 4 or 24 h in a microcentrifuge tube (Eppendorf) at 37°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus farciminis strains have also been implicated in inhibiting the motility of Brachyspira by coaggregation with spirochetes and by eliciting a stress response (6). However, to date, no studies have investigated the adherence and invasion dynamics of avian B. pilosicoli with epithelial cells in relation to treatment with probiotics.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lactobacilli Antagonize the Growth, Motility, and Adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a Potential Intervention against Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis

Mappley

Tchórzewska

Cooley

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum of poultry by pathogenic Brachyspira species. The number of cases of AIS has increased since the 2006 European Union ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, which, together with emerging antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira, has driven renewed interest in alternative intervention strategies. Probiotics have been reported as protecting livestock against infection with common enteric pathogens, and here we investigate which aspects of the biology of Brachyspira they antagonize in order to identify possible interventions against AIS. The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of two Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus reuteri LM1 and Lactobacillus salivarius LM2, suppressed the growth of Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 in a pH-dependent manner. In in vitro adherence and invasion assays with HT29-16E three-dimensional (3D) cells and in a novel avian cecal in vitro organ culture (IVOC) model, the adherence and invasion of B. pilosicoli in epithelial cells were reduced significantly by the presence of lactobacilli (P < 0.001). In addition, live and heat-inactivated lactobacilli inhibited the motility of B. pilosicoli, and electron microscopic observations indicated that contact between the lactobacilli and Brachyspira was crucial in inhibiting both adherence and motility. These data suggest that motility is essential for B. pilosicoli to adhere to and invade the gut epithelium and that any interference of motility may be a useful tool for the development of control strategies.Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) is recognized worldwide as an enteric disease that affects layer and broiler breeder chickens, leading to clinical enteritis and reduced performance (52). The disease results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum by the fastidious anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira. Clinical symptoms of AIS include reduced egg production with delayed onset of laying, chronic diarrhea with fecal staining of eggs, weight loss, and increased flock morbidity rates (7,49). Currently, Brachyspira alvinipulli, B. intermedia, and B. pilosicoli are considered pathogenic to poultry (20,50,51). However, other Brachyspira species have been isolated from poultry with decreased egg production (8). Although the mechanisms of pathogenesis are unclear, colonization of poultry, swine, and humans by B. pilosicoli is characterized by its ability to form end-on attachments to the intestinal epithelial surface and to invade the surface epithelium (18,24,25).In the United Kingdom, the incidence of Brachyspira in commercial and free-range flocks has been estimated at 74% and

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Section: Vol 77 2011mentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactobacilli Antagonize the Growth, Motility, and Adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a Potential Intervention against Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis

Mappley

Tchórzewska

Cooley

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…have been shown to have antagonistic activities against B. pilosicoli in vitro (224). Cell extracts of two Lactobacillus strains were shown to suppress motility and growth of B. pilosicoli in vitro and to significantly reduce adherence and invasion of the spirochete in a three-dimensional avian cecal organ culture model (225).…”

Section: Other Potential Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

Hampson

2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY Brachyspira pilosicoli is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. B. pilosicoli has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider B. pilosicoli in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.

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