In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of monolaurin against Seneca Valley virus

Abstract

IntroductionSurveillance of the Seneca Valley virus (SVV) shows a disproportionately higher incidence on Chinese pig farms. Currently, there are no vaccines or drugs to treat SVV infection effectively and effective treatment options are urgently needed.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the following medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or triglycerides (MCTs) against SVV: caprylic acid, caprylic monoglyceride, capric monoglyceride, and monolaurin.ResultsIn vitro experiments showed that monolaurin inhibited viral replication by up to 80%, while in vivo studies showed that monolaurin reduced clinical manifestations, viral load, and organ damage in SVV-infected piglets. Monolaurin significantly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and promoted the release of interferon-γ, which enhanced the viral clearance activity of this type of MCFA.DiscussionTherefore, monolaurin is a potentially effective candidate for the treatment of SVV infection in pigs.

Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits Wild-Type African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Porcine Macrophages

“…Across the two independent sets of experimental data, it should be emphasized that the effect of GML on reducing ASFV infectivity in both strains is quite high. For SVV, it has been reported that GML treatment yielded a maximum reduction of only ~80% in in vitro experiments, yet still resulted in good in vivo performance in a porcine model in terms of reducing clinical symptoms, viral loads, and organ damage as well as promoting positive inflammatory responses [25]. GML exhibited a similar inhibitory effect on PRRSV, with around 80% reduction in viral infectivity in vitro [36].…”

“…Herein, we evaluated the antiviral properties of glycerol monolaurate (GML) against the virulent ASFV Armenia/07 strain in order to validate the potential antiviral efficacy of GML against circulating, wild-type ASFV strains. GML is a regulatory acceptable, foodgrade monoglyceride that disrupts phospholipid membranes and has shown antiviral efficacy against a wide range of enveloped viruses, including in vivo treatment effects to ameliorate PEDV and Seneca Valley virus (SVV) infections in pigs [24,25]. Of note, GML has previously been shown to abrogate non-virulent ASFV BA71V strain infectivity in drinking water and had a higher level of antiviral activity than other tested medium-chain fatty acids [20].…”

Effects of combined application of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiome and inflammatory factor levels in weaned piglets

“…Our study observed that dietary supplementation using benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin reduced serum IL-1β and ET levels in weaned piglets. This may correlate with 1-monolaurin's ability to enhance antiviral activity and inhibit inflammatory factor release [29]. In vivo studies deciphered that monolaurin supplementation alone in piglets decreased intestinal pathological damage and IL-8 and TNF-α levels, improving growth performance [30].…”

Effects of combined application of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microflora and systemic inflammation levels of weaned piglets

“…Our study found that dietary supplementation with benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin reduced serum IL-1β levels and serum ET levels in weaned piglets. This may be related to MLG-1's ability to enhance viral inhibitory activity and reduce the release of in ammatory factors [27]. In vivo studies have found that GML supplementation alone in piglets reduced intestinal pathological damage and levels of in ammatory factors IL-8 and TNF-α, thereby improving growth performance [28].…”