In vitro and in vivo assessments of an optimal polyblend composition of polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds for Achilles tendon tissue engineering

Abstract

In this study, we manufactured various ratios of polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (GE) highly aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds (ENs) to investigate the effects of polymer ratio on tenogenic differentiation activity. For biological assessments, the cell proliferation rate was optimal in the PCL/GE (9:1) group. Interestingly, however, the tenogenic differentiation rate was best for the PCL/GE (7:3) group. From our outcomes, we established that a poly-blending mix of PCL/GE (7:3) is a promising ratio for tenogenic differentiation. Thus, our findings may provide for an effective mesh to promote tenogenic differentiation of ENs in future tendon tissue engineering applications.

Biofabrication and Signaling Strategies for Tendon/Ligament Interfacial Tissue Engineering

“…27 While the PCL/ gelatin group showed relatively aligned regenerated tendon structure without calcification, the neat PCL group revealed calcified and disorganized lesions at 8 weeks after implantation. 27 However, tendon calcification could be stopped by using specific inhibitor drugs. 28 Advanced electrospun scaffolds are possible by either coelectrospinning two biopolymers/blends 29 or coating coelectrospun biopolymers with a hydrogel.…”

“…After 8 weeks of in situ implantation, the nuclei and collagen fibrils demonstrated better alignment and structure in P/G-A than in P/G-R groups . Recently, it was shown that the PCL/gelatin ratio in electrospun scaffolds could influence tenogenic differentiation activity in an in vivo study using a rat model . While the PCL/gelatin group showed relatively aligned regenerated tendon structure without calcification, the neat PCL group revealed calcified and disorganized lesions at 8 weeks after implantation .…”

“…Recently, it was shown that the PCL/gelatin ratio in electrospun scaffolds could influence tenogenic differentiation activity in an in vivo study using a rat model . While the PCL/gelatin group showed relatively aligned regenerated tendon structure without calcification, the neat PCL group revealed calcified and disorganized lesions at 8 weeks after implantation . However, tendon calcification could be stopped by using specific inhibitor drugs …”

PCL/Gelatin/Graphene Oxide Electrospun Nanofibers: Effect of Surface Functionalization on In Vitro and Antibacterial Response

“…An XPS survey analysis was performed to further confirm the deposition and chemical bonding between the PGO and the monomers ( Figure 6 ). The nanofibers’ spectra exhibited C1s, O1s, and N1s peaks at 285, 531, and 398 eV, respectively [ 127 , 128 ]. The atomic concentrations and ratios obtained from the deconvolution of the survey analysis are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Novel hybrid biocomposites for tendon grafts: The addition of silk to polydioxanone and poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) enhances material properties, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility

“…PCL/collagen and PLA/collagen were co-electrospun to create a scaffold for the tissue engineering of muscle-tendon junctions (MTJ), where the collagen greatly improved biocompatibility and provided suitable mechanical properties matched with the native MTJ [ 5 ]. Gelatine was also blended with PCL to promote proliferation, adhesion and tenogenic differentiation of fibroblasts in vitro [ 7 , 8 ]. , it was shown that tendon scaffolds made of PCL/gelatine could support the regenerated tissue of injured patellar tendons to restore biomechanical strength in a rabbit model [ 8 ].…”