In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity and cytotoxicity analysis of protein extract from Aplysina fulva sponges

Abstract

This study evaluated the physicochemical and morphological properties of a marine sponge protein extract (PE) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), analysis of mass loss and pH and in vitro and in vivo. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PE fibers present a granular aspect and irregular structure and the element carbon followed by oxygen was detected in the EDS analysis. Moreover, a 29% of mass loss was observed after 14 days and the pH slightly modified after 14 days. Cell viability of fibroblast cells (L929) of control and PE at a concentration of 25% demonstrated higher values compared to the groups. Osteoblast cell viability of PE at 25 and 50% was significantly higher. Comet assay on day 1 showed higher values for PE at 25%. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrated that in the treated animals, the bone defects were filled with biomaterial particles, granulation tissue and some areas of newly formed bone. Furthermore, similar immunoexpression of Runx-2 and Cox-2 was observed. Taken together, all results suggest that PE is biocompatible, present non-citotoxicity in the in vitro studies (at the lower concentration) and in the in vivo studies and it can be considered as an alternative source of collagen for tissue engineering proposals.

3D printed scaffolds of biosilica and spongin from marine sponges: Analysis of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for bone tissue repair

“…The samples of BS presented peaks compatible with Si-OH and Si-O-Si which are in line with the FTIR analysis made by Gabbai-Armelin et al [11] who observed the same peaks in BS samples. FTIR spectrum of the SPG samples demonstrated peaks related to Amida A and OH, which corroborate to the spectrum found by Santana et al [31] and Parisi et al [15].…”

“…Gabbai-Armelin et al [11], demonstrated through SEM micrographs the spicules of BS from marine sponges, with a needle-like structure and the irregular particles of BG. In addition, Santana et al [31] demonstrated the brillar aspects of SPG in the SEM as can be noted in the present results for the BS/SPG samples. According to Fernandes et al [26], the presence of spicules of BS contribute to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffolds [11,32] and the organic part represented by SPG improves the biomaterial bioactive properties as previously described.…”

In vivo effects of biosilica and spongin-like collagen scaffolds on the healing process in osteoporotic rats

“…No differences for RUNX-2 immunostaining were observed and higher OPG immunostaining was observed for BS/SPG. Some studies have demonstrated that both BS and SPG from marine sponges are able to stimulate bone cell proliferation and healing in healthy animals (GABBAI- ARMELIN et al, 2019;PARISI et al, 2018PARISI et al, , 2020SANTANA et al, 2021). To further investigate the effects of scaffolds manufactured with both biomaterials in the process of bone healing, we used the model of tibial bone defect in osteoporotic rats.…”

“…The material presented some degree of degradation over time, releasing ions from BS which may attract osteoprogenitor cells, increasing the rate of bone formation into BS/SPG scaffolds (GRANITO et al, 2009;HENCH;JONES, 2015;PARISI et al, 2019). Some authors have demonstrated that SPG implants are able to stimulate cell proliferation (SILVA, 2021) and evoking no in ammatory response in experimental bone defects, evidencing in vivo biocompatibility (SANTANA et al, 2021). The quantitative histological analyses showed higher values for animals treated woth BS/SPG compared to BS only, indicating that the composite scaffolds presented a superior biological performance to stimulate bone healing in the osteoporotic rats.…”