In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of plant virus nanocarriers

Blandino, Agnese; Lico, Chiara; Baschieri, Selene; Barberini, Lanfranco; Cirotto, Carlo; Blasi, Paolo; Santi, L.

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.039

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Their data showed that the virus particles were very robust and were still able to infect plants after serum incubation for up to 24 h. The hemolysis assay revealed that 10 μg of PVX particles had no effect on erythrocytes in vitro , whereas 100–200 μg caused the slight and dose-dependent induction of hemolysis. However, the rate of hemolysis (1.8–2.7%) was far lower than the 5% threshold mandated for biomaterials under ISO/TR 7406 (Li et al, 2011, 2012) with a very high VNP/erythrocyte ratio (Blandino et al, 2015). The early embryo assay is used to determine the teratogenic potential of substances during the first week of embryonic development (Henshel et al, 2003).…”

Section: Learn To Fly: Applications (Figure 3)mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The early embryo assay is used to determine the teratogenic potential of substances during the first week of embryonic development (Henshel et al, 2003). PVX showed no signs of toxicity or teratogenicity at doses ranging from 1 to 10 μg per embryo, whereas carbon nanotubes induced up to 50% mortality as well as embryo malformations (Blandino et al, 2015). Furthermore, we observed no evidence of apoptosis when we seeded human mesenchymal stem cells onto a PVX-coated surface (Lauria et al, 2017).…”

Section: Learn To Fly: Applications (Figure 3)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Blandino et al (2015) studied the fate and cytotoxicity of filamentous PVX particles and icosahedral Tomato bushy stunt virus particles in hemolysis assays and early embryo assays. Their data showed that the virus particles were very robust and were still able to infect plants after serum incubation for up to 24 h. The hemolysis assay revealed that 10 μg of PVX particles had no effect on erythrocytes in vitro , whereas 100–200 μg caused the slight and dose-dependent induction of hemolysis.…”

Section: Learn To Fly: Applications (Figure 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small, Smaller, Nano: New Applications for Potato Virus X in Nanotechnology

2019

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Nanotechnology is an expanding interdisciplinary field concerning the development and application of nanostructured materials derived from inorganic compounds or organic polymers and peptides. Among these latter materials, proteinaceous plant virus nanoparticles have emerged as a key platform for the introduction of tailored functionalities by genetic engineering and conjugation chemistry. Tobacco mosaic virus and Cowpea mosaic virus have already been developed for bioimaging, vaccination and electronics applications, but the flexible and filamentous Potato virus X (PVX) has received comparatively little attention. The filamentous structure of PVX particles allows them to carry large payloads, which are advantageous for applications such as biomedical imaging in which multi-functional scaffolds with a high aspect ratio are required. In this context, PVX achieves superior tumor homing and retention properties compared to spherical nanoparticles. Because PVX is a protein-based nanoparticle, its unique functional properties are combined with enhanced biocompatibility, making it much more suitable for biomedical applications than synthetic nanomaterials. Moreover, PVX nanoparticles have very low toxicity in vivo , and superior pharmacokinetic profiles. This review focuses on the production of PVX nanoparticles engineered using chemical and/or biological techniques, and describes current and future opportunities and challenges for the application of PVX nanoparticles in medicine, diagnostics, materials science, and biocatalysis.

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Section: Learn To Fly: Applications (Figure 3)mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Learn To Fly: Applications (Figure 3)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Learn To Fly: Applications (Figure 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small, Smaller, Nano: New Applications for Potato Virus X in Nanotechnology

2019

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“…Plant RNA viruses such as TMV (Koo et al, 1999), CPMV (Mclain et al, 1995), CMV (Nuzzaci et al, 2007), plum pox potyvirus (PPV) (Fernández-Fernández et al, 1998), potato virus X (PVX) (Lico et al, 2009), and tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) (Joelson et al, 1997) have been adapted for the production of vaccines and tested in various animal models. Studies conducted on the biodistribution and clearance of TMV (Bruckman et al, 2014), PVX and tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) (Blandino et al, 2015) in animal models showed no VLP induced pathological damage. Plant viruses are not pathogenic to mammals but are recognized by the pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors of the innate immune system (Acosta-Ramírez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Plant Viruses As Biological Particles the Case Of Non-envelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Viruses in Plant Molecular Pharming: Toward the Use of Enveloped Viruses

2019

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Plant molecular pharming has emerged as a reliable platform for recombinant protein expression providing a safe and low-cost alternative to bacterial and mammalian cells-based systems. Simultaneously, plant viruses have evolved from pathogens to molecular tools for recombinant protein expression, chimaeric viral vaccine production, and lately, as nanoagents for drug delivery. This review summarizes the genesis of viral vectors and agroinfection, the development of non-enveloped viruses for various biotechnological applications, and the on-going research on enveloped plant viruses.

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“…In vitro and in vivo experiments have been recently carried out to evaluate the toxicity and teratogenicity potential of unmodified PVX and Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV), the type member of another viral genus and family, different in shape and dimensions ( Blandino et al, 2015 ). Haemolysis assay was performed in vitro to determine detrimental effect of virus nanoparticles on human erythrocytes while toxicity and teratogenicity were evaluated in vivo through the early embryo assay (EEA).…”

Section: Pvx Nanoparticles For Imaging Drug Delivery and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Two-Faced Potato Virus X: From Plant Pathogen to Smart Nanoparticle

2015

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Potato virus X (PVX) is a single-stranded RNA plant virus, historically investigated in light of the detrimental effects on potato, the world’s fourth most important food commodity. The study of the interactions with cells, and more generally with the plant, both locally and systemically, significantly contributed to unveil the mechanisms underlying gene silencing, fundamental not only in plant virology but also in the study of gene expression regulation. Unraveling the molecular events of PVX infection paved the way for the development of different viral expression vectors and consequential applications in functional genomics and in the biosynthesis of heterologous proteins in plants. Apart from that, the ease of manipulation and the knowledge of the virus structure (particle dimensions, shape and physicochemical features) are inspiring novel applications, mainly focused on nanobiotechnology. This review will lead the reader in this area, spanning from fundamental to applied research, embracing fields from plant pathology to vaccine and drug-targeted delivery, imaging and material sciences. Due to the versatile moods, PVX holds promise to become an interesting nanomaterial, in view to create the widest possible arsenal of new “bio-inspired” devices to face evolving issues in biomedicine and beyond.

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In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of plant virus nanocarriers

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Small, Smaller, Nano: New Applications for Potato Virus X in Nanotechnology

Small, Smaller, Nano: New Applications for Potato Virus X in Nanotechnology

Plant Viruses in Plant Molecular Pharming: Toward the Use of Enveloped Viruses

The Two-Faced Potato Virus X: From Plant Pathogen to Smart Nanoparticle

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