In vitro and in vivo studies of lead immobilization by synthetic hydroxyapatite

Arnich, Nathalie; Lanhers, Marie-Claire; Laurensot, Franck; Podor, Renaud; Montiel, A.; Burnel, D

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00416-5

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, ammonium acetate, hydroxyl ammonium chloride, HCl and HNO 3 were of suprapure quality (Aldrich Chemie, Germany) All plastic and glassware were cleaned up by soaking dilute (1 + 9) and were rinsed with distilled water prior to use. Standard metals solution (1000 mg/l) were purchased from (BDH, Poole, UK) or prepared in lab from pure metals.…”

Section: Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F.5 = Bounded to the soil (residual fraction) The residue from F4 was quantitatively transferred into a digestion vessel and metals were dissolved in aqua regia using 7 mL of 10 M HCl and 2.3 mL of 15.8 M HNO 3 . The temperature of the reaction mixture was slowly risen until reflux condition and maintained for >2 h. Three parallel extractions were carried out, in each case using 2.5 g soil.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Sep) [14]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only determining the total concentration of heavy metals in soil is not sufficient because mobility and bioavailability are strongly dependent on the chemical phase of heavy metals in soil [2] [3]. Many researchers who studied the concentration of heavy metals in soils of Baghdad [4]- [6], Fallujah [7] Basra [8] and Babylon [9], also have estimated the effect of Kirkuk Oil Refinery on air of the city [10] [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Heavy Metals in Two Regions from Kirkuk City Using Sequential Extraction

Hussain¹

2016

GEP

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Soil is a major reservoir for heavy metals and other contamination as it possesses an ability to absorb these metals on the surface of clay minerals and bind various chemicals. These heavy metals and chemicals can exist in various forms in soil and different forces keep them bound to clay minerals and soil particles. The aim of the present work is to estimate the concentration levels of some heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in two sites of soil Kirkuk city. In this study the first sample was taken from inside the city of four areas around (Northern Oil Company) in Kirkuk city, while the second sample was taken from outside the city of four areas and both were randomly chosen. Sequential extraction procedure was applied to fractionate heavy metals which may help in the prediction of their mobility, bioavailability and fate of the metal contaminant. Results of sequential extraction showed that Cd and Pb were mainly bound to residual fraction, Cu was mainly bound to organic fraction and Zn was bound to Fe-Mn oxide fraction in the two sites of the study. The overall mean values obtained for the metals in the fractions gave the range: inside the city Cu (28.12 ppm), Zn (77.9 ppm), Pb (21.73 ppm) and Cd(4.21 ppm), and outside the city Cu (24.65 ppm), Zn (59.28 ppm), Pb (13.25 ppm) and Cd (2.38 ppm). The extracts were analyzed for heavy metal, using flameless-atomic absorption spectrophotometers (Flameless-AAS).

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Section: Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures (Sep) [14]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Heavy Metals in Two Regions from Kirkuk City Using Sequential Extraction

Hussain¹

2016

GEP

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“…The formation of pyromorphite is a step-wise process which involves the dissolution of the Pb and P minerals and the precipitation of pyromorphite, hence the dissolution of either Pb or P minerals will determine the rate of pyromorphite formation in the soil (Arnich et al, 2003;Ma, 1996;Yang et al, 2001). In most cases, however, soil P availability is greater than Pb (Lindsay, 2001) and pyromorphite formation is limited by the dissolution of Pb 2+ into soil solution.…”

Section: Formation and Stability Of Lead-phosphate (Pyromorphite) In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical in situ stabilization (also known as in situ immobilization) of metals is being promoted as the most promising remediation technique and is currently a major focus of research in the remediation of Pb-polluted soils Hettiarachchi and Pierrzynski, 2004 (Arnich et al, 2003;Eighmy et al, 1997;Manecki et al, 2000;Melamed et al, 2003;Ryan et al, 2001;Scheckel and Ryan, 2003;Singh et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%