In vitro and in vivo toxicity of several fungicides and Timorex gold biofungicide to Pythuim aphanidermatum

Abstract

SUMMARYA survey of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Pythuim aphanidermatum to several commercial fungicides and a biofungicide was undertaken. An isolate of P. aphanidermatum pathogenic to pepper was collected from a naturally infested greenhouse soil from Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. The P. aphanidermatum isolate was sensitive to all tested products. The obtained EC 50 values were as follows: 10.21 mg/l for propamocarb-hydrochloride, 302.65 mg/l for fosetyl-Al, 11.18 mg/l for mancozeb, 1.27 mg/l for mefenoxam, 0.05 mg/l for azoxystrobin, and 175.33 mg/l for tea tree oil. Under greenhouse conditions, fosetyl-Al was the most efficient fungicide among the tested substances (97.5%). The biofungicide tea tree oil (Timorex Gold) (35.0%) exhibited the lowest efficacy among the tested materials, but it was still significantly better than the untreated control plot. The efficacies of propamocarb-hydrochloride (Previcur 607 SL), mancozeb (Mankogal 80 WP), azoxystrobin (Quadris) and mefenoxam (Ridomil gold 480 SL), were 72.5%, 77.5%, 57.5% and 75.0%, respectively.

Differentiation of Pythium spp. from vegetable crops with molecular markers and sensitivity to azoxystrobin and mefenoxam

“…Less sensitive isolates to azoxystrobin were observed in this study in P. ultimum, P. irregulare complex and P. aphanidermatum . P. ultimum originating from lattughino and basil was the least sensitive species to azoxystrobin with EC 50 values three to six times higher with respect to the average EC 50 of the other five Pythium spp.. One isolate of P. aphanidermatum from pepper (Py 11‐15) was somewhat less sensitive to azoxystrobin compared to the other tested isolates within the same species, but isolated from different hosts in previous studies . Less sensitive Pythium isolates were observed also in P. ultimum and P. irregulare complex by Wheeler et al .…”

Application Pressure and Carrier Volume Affects the Concentration of Azoxystrobin on Peanut Foliage and in Soil

“…The concentration of azoxystrobin found to inhibit mycelial growth of P. volutum (EC50) on agar media was 0.052 ppm (Kerns et al, 2009). The EC50 for P. aphanidermatum was 0.05 ppm to azoxystrobin on agar media (Mihajlović et al, 2013). Isolates of P. irregulare and P. ultimum obtained from corn and soybean fields grew well at 10 and 100 ppm of azoxystrobin on agar media (Broders et al, 2007).…”

“…Azoxystrobin (methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate) has activity against both R. solani and Pythium spp. (Grichar et al, 2000;Mihajlović et al, 2013;Windels and Brantner, 2005) and is labelled for Pythium pod rot suppression/control and peg and pod rot control of R. solani and Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut in the US (Anonymous, 2013). Uptake of azoxystrobin into leaves is a gradual process with 1 to 3% of the applied material absorbed into a grape leaf within 24 hr of foliar application (Bartlett et al, 2002).…”

Methods for management of soilborne plant pathogens

“…Numerous studies have indicated that several established biocontrol agents, including strains from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Serratia, can suppress vascular or soilborne fungal pathogens (Ramette et al, 2003;Berg et al, 2000;Mavrodi et al, 2012;Mihajlović et al, 2012a;Mihajlović et al, 2012b;Mihajlović et al, 2013a;Mihajlović et al, 2013b;Bhattacharjee & Dey, 2014). Fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma and bacteria such as Pseudomonas.spp, or Bacillus subtilis, are the most promising biocontrol agents (Bhattacharjee & Dey, 2014).…”