In vitro and in vivo effects of penicillin and clindamycin on expression of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal capsule

Brook, Itzhak; Gober, Alan E.; Leyva, F

doi:10.1128/aac.39.7.1565

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These agents may affect the surface structure by affecting the cell wall structure. Penicillin was reported to inhibit the formation of S. pyogenes capsules, although the effect was not as strong as that of clindamycin (2). Cefditoren, a cephem, however, did not reduce the amount of CD15s, although that agent is also a cell wall inhibitor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fosfomycin Reduces CD15s-Related Antigen Expression ofStreptococcus pyogenes

Hirota¹,

Murakami

Nemoto³

et al. 1998

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have previously shown the immunological mimicry of human sialyl-Lewisx (CD15s) by a surface antigen ofStreptococcus pyogenes. This mimicking surface antigen may act as a ligand to the selectin family and may induce antibody production against CD15s on host cells, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes. In this study, the effects of antibiotics on the CD15s-related antigen expression of S. pyogenes were examined at a concentration below the MIC (sub-MIC). The amounts of CD15s on the surfaces of S. pyogenes cells and on the surfaces of S. pyogenesbiofilms were determined by a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, respectively, by using an anti-CD15s monoclonal antibody. At the sub-MICs, fosfomycin (1R,2S-1,2-epoxypropyl phosphonic acid), its enantiomer (1S,2R-1,2-epoxypropyl phosphonic acid), and benzylpenicillin significantly inhibited the CD15s expression of all strains studied. The effects of fosfomycin and its enantiomer on biofilms were also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Incubation of S. pyogenes with the sub-MIC of fosfomycin or its enantiomer, which has no antibacterial activity, reduced the amount of CD15s on the biofilm surface and made it smooth. These results suggest that fosfomycin or its enantiomer might be useful for preventing S. pyogenes adherence to human CD15s receptors and the resulting immunological pathogenicity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Brook et al (2) reported that sub-MICs of penicillin and clindamycin reduce the level of expression of the S. pyogenes capsule. However, the effects of antibiotics on CD15s-related antigen expression have not been studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fosfomycin Reduces CD15s-Related Antigen Expression ofStreptococcus pyogenes

Hirota¹,

Murakami

Nemoto³

et al. 1998

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another explanation for the superior efficacy of C is its ability to reduce capsular production by group A streptococci 23 as well as S. pneumoniae 24 and its enhancement of bacterial phagocytosis 25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobials effective against BLPB, as well as group A streptococci, were effective in eliminating recurrent tonsillitis. These agents included amoxicillin/ clavulanate 21,22 and C. 16,18 Another explanation for the superior efficacy of C is its ability to reduce capsular production by group A streptococci 23 as well as S. pneumoniae 24 and its enhancement of bacterial phagocytosis. 25 The increased number of BLPB in adenoids of patients with recurrent ROM may be due to increased exposure to antimicrobial agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of amoxicillin or clindamycin on the adenoids bacterial flora

Brook

Shah

2003

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the effect on the adenoid bacterial flora of patients with recurrent otitis media of antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin (Am) or clindamycin (C). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-five children scheduled for elective adenoidectomy participated in a prospective randomized study. They were divided into 3 groups of 15 each to receive either no therapy (control) or 10 days of therapy with Am or C. Core adenoid tissues was quantitatively cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. RESULTS: Polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora were present in all instances. The predominant aerobes in all groups were α-hemolytic and γ-hemolytic streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, group A β-hemolytic streptococci, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The prominent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium spp. The number of isolates was significantly reduced in those treated with Am (n = 110, P < 0.05) or C (n = 58, P < 0.001) compared with control (n = 148). The number of bacteria per gram/tissue was lower in those treated with either antibiotics. The number of potential pathogens was lower in those treated with C compared with the other 2 groups ( P < 0.001). The number of β-lactamase-producing bacteria was lower in those treated with C than in those treated with Am ( P < 0.025) or control ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate the ability of C and, to a lesser degree, of Am to reduce the bacterial load as well as potential pathogens and β-lactamase-producing bacteria from the adenoids of children with recurrent otitis media.

show abstract

“…[209] Infections where a large bacterial inoculum is suspected, as well as those mediated by toxin production (streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome or necrotising fasciitis), are also important indications for clindamycin. [214][215][216][217] The most serious adverse effect of clindamycin is antibacterial-associated diarrhoea as a result of Clostridium difficile toxin which, if not managed early, could result in pseudomembranous colitis. [209] …”

Section: Clindamycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commonly Used Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents for Hospitalised Paediatric Patients

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to normal growth and development, hospitalised paediatric patients with infection require unique consideration of immune function and drug disposition. Specifically, antibacterial and antifungal pharmacokinetics are influenced by volume of distribution, drug binding and elimination, which are a reflection of changing extracellular fluid volume, quantity and quality of plasma proteins, and renal and hepatic function. However, there is a paucity of data in paediatric patients addressing these issues and many empiric treatment practices are based on adult data. The penicillins and cephalosporins continue to be a mainstay of therapy because of their broad spectrum of activity, clinical efficacy and favourable tolerability profile. These antibacterials rapidly reach peak serum concentrations and readily diffuse into body tissues. Good penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has made the third-generation cephalosporins the agents of choice for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. These drugs are excreted primarily by the kidney. The carbapenems are broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibacterials which can potentially replace combination regimens. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibacterial with gram-positive activity useful for the treatment of resistant infections, or for those patients allergic to penicillins and cephalosporins. Volume of distribution is affected by age, gender, and bodyweight. It diffuses well across serous membranes and inflamed meninges. Vancomycin is excreted by the kidneys and is not removed by dialysis. The aminoglycosides continue to serve a useful role in the treatment of gram-negative, enterococcal and mycobacterial infections. Their volume of distribution approximates extracellular space. These drugs are also excreted renally and are removed by haemodialysis. Passage across the blood-brain barrier is poor, even in the face of meningeal inflammation. Low pH found in abscess conditions impairs function. Toxicity needs to be considered. Macrolide antibacterials are frequently used in the treatment of respiratory infections. Parenteral erythromycin can cause phlebitis, which limits its use. Parenteral azithromycin is better tolerated but paediatric pharmacokinetic data are lacking. Clindamycin is frequently used when anaerobic infections are suspected. Good oral absorption makes it a good choice for step-down therapy in intra-abdominal and skeletal infections. The use of quinolones in paediatrics has been restricted and most information available is in cystic fibrosis patients. High oral bioavailability is also important for step-down therapy. Amphotericin B has been the cornerstone of antifungal treatment in hospitalised patients. Its metabolism is poorly understood. The half-life increases with time and can be as long as 15 days after prolonged therapy. Oral absorption is poor. The azole antifungals are being used increasingly. Fluconazole is well tolerated, with high bioavailability and good penetration into the CSF. Itraconazole has greater activity against aspergillus, blastomycosis,...

show abstract

In vitro and in vivo effects of penicillin and clindamycin on expression of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal capsule

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Fosfomycin Reduces CD15s-Related Antigen Expression ofStreptococcus pyogenes

Fosfomycin Reduces CD15s-Related Antigen Expression ofStreptococcus pyogenes

Effect of amoxicillin or clindamycin on the adenoids bacterial flora

Commonly Used Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents for Hospitalised Paediatric Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About