In vitro and In vivo Models for Anti-inflammation: An Evaluative Review

Eze, Fabian Ifeanyi; Uzor, Philip F.; Peter, Ikechukwu Emmanuel; Bonaventure, C.; Osadebe, PO

doi:10.36922/itps.v2i2.775

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Inflammation is a complex process, involving several cells, biochemical mediators, and signaling molecules, that is not possible to mimic in vitro. In addition, is difficult to reproduce the same in vitro results in vivo due to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters [ 29 , 50 ]. Thereby, we carried out an in vivo acute inflammation model of carrageenan-induced paw edema in BALB/c mice to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate fraction obtained from E. oleracea seed extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of Catechin-Rich Açaí Seed Extract on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema

Xavier

Teles

Tellis³

et al. 2021

Foods

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Açaí berry is a fruit from the tree commonly known as açaízeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) originated from the Amazonian region and widely consumed in Brazil. There are several reports of the anti-inflammatory activity of its pulp and few data about the seed’s potential in inflammation control. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of catechin-rich açaí extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced paw edema. The treatment with E. oleracea ethyl acetate extract (EO-ACET) was used in an in vitro model performed with macrophages stimulated by LPS, in which pro-inflammatory markers were evaluated, and in an in vivo model of acute inflammation, in which edema inhibition was evaluated. EO-ACET showed an absence of endotoxins, and did not display cytotoxic effects in RAW 264.7 cells. LPS-stimulated cells treated with EO-ACET displayed low levels of nitrite and interleukins (IL’s), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12, when compared to untreated cells. EO-ACET treatment was able to inhibit carrageenan-induced paw edema at 500 and 1000 mg/kg, in which no acute inflammatory reaction or low mast cell counts were observed by histology at the site of inoculation of λ-carrageenan. These findings provide more evidence to support further studies with E. oleracea seeds for the treatment of inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of Catechin-Rich Açaí Seed Extract on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema

Xavier

Teles

Tellis³

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Therefore, we chose the lower dose for the following analysis. Carrageenan and dextran are phlogistic agents that act by triggering an inflammatory reaction characterized by the release of chemical mediators, such as prostaglandins (e.g., PGE 2 ) and vasoactive amines (e.g., histamine), which increase the vascular permeability and cause the biochemical, cellular, and vascular changes observed in acute inflammation [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nootkatone Inhibits Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Responses in Mice

et al. 2020

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Nootkatone (NTK) is a sesquiterpenoid found in essential oils of many species of Citrus (Rutaceae). Considering previous reports demonstrating that NTK inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways, this study aimed to investigate the effects of this compound in mice models of acute and chronic inflammation. Murine models of paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine, and arachidonic acid, as well as carrageenan-induced peritonitis and pleurisy, were used to evaluate the effects of NTK on acute inflammation. A murine model of granuloma induced by cotton pellets was used to access the impact of NTK treatment on chronic inflammation. In the acute inflammation models, NTK demonstrated antiedematogenic effects and inhibited leukocyte recruitment, which was associated with decreased vascular permeability, inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)1-β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. In silico analysis suggest that NTZ anti-inflammatory effects may also occur due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity and antagonism of the histamine receptor type 1 (H1). These mechanisms might have contributed to the reduction of granuloma weight and protein concentration in the homogenates, observed in the chronic inflammation model. In conclusion, NTK exerted anti-inflammatory effects that are associated with inhibition of IL1-β and TNF-α production, possibly due to inhibition of COX-2 activity and antagonism of the H1 receptor. However, further studies are required to characterize the effects of this compound on chronic inflammation.

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“…These methods are classified as in vivo (if using animal models) or in vitro (when performed in a controlled environment outside of a living organism). Each of these methods is associated with some peculiarities, advantages, and disadvantages 18 . Although the in vivo models correlate well with the clinical picture and help understand the mechanisms of inflammation better, they are more complex and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves.

Mera

Hernández

Morera

2020

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Epidendrum coryophorum belongs to the Orchidaceae family. Traditional uses of some species for this genus include infusions of the leaves used for kidney problems, treat influenza, conjunctivitis, liver pain, relieve kidney symptoms, and hypoglycemic effect. This work's objective was to determine the phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves and to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of the extract employing the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method. The phytochemical screening carried out in this work suggested phenols, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and sterols in the ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves. Cardiotonic glycosides and carbohydrates were also found. The ethanolic extract's UV-Vis spectrum showed absorption maxima at 268 nm and 332 nm, which could correspond to flavonoids of the flavonoid classes, 3-OH substituted flavonols, or isoflavones. The quantitative determination of total phenols of the ethanolic extract was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total phenolic content expressed as mg Gallic acid equivalent (G.A.E.) per gram of extract was found to be 19,96 mgGAE/g of Epidendrum coryophorum. The ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves showed hemolysis inhibition values of 18,19% at 1,0 mg/mL, 38,98% at 1,5 mg/mL and 40,94% at 2,5 mg/mL compared with aspirin (positive control) giving values of 65,33% at 1,0 mg/mL, 72,26% at 1,5 mg/mL and 73,75% at 2,5 mg/mL. The values obtained for inhibition of hemolysis with ethanolic extract, compared with the values obtained with a pure anti-inflammatory, are significant and demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity in Epidendrum coryophorum. Keywords: Epidendrum coryophorum, total phenolic content, microencapsulation, anti-inflammatory activity

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In vitro and In vivo Models for Anti-inflammation: An Evaluative Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Inhibitory Effect of Catechin-Rich Açaí Seed Extract on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema

Inhibitory Effect of Catechin-Rich Açaí Seed Extract on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema

Nootkatone Inhibits Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Responses in Mice

Phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Epidendrum coryophorum leaves.

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