In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Anogeissus leiocarpa Bark Extract and Isolated Metabolites against Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii, belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum, is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that affects at least 30% of the worldʼs population. In West Africa, the leaves and bark of the tree species Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. are used against zoonosis in traditional medicine and play a key role in controlling diseases induced by Apicomplexans such as malaria. In this study, extracts, fractions, and pure compounds obtained from an ethanol extract of the bark of A. leiocarpa were evaluated against T. gondii infection in vitro and in vivo. The crude bark extract showed significant activity on tachyzoites from the T. gondii RH strain (IC50 = 59.30 µg/mL). The crude bark extract without tannins and pure trachelosperogenin E purified by centrifugal partition chromatography showed the highest activity (IC50s = 12.83 and 26.63 µg/mL, respectively) with satisfying selectivity indexes of 9.61 and 9.75, respectively. The crude bark extract without tannins and pure trachelosperogenin E were able to significantly inhibit host cell invasion by the parasite in vitro, while the crude bark extract without tannins was able to increase mice survival in our murine model of chronic toxoplasmosis. These results provide new biological data for natural compounds that could enhance the current panoply of treatments against toxoplasmosis.

The therapeutic efficacy of curcumin nanoemulsion versus Spiramycin in Toxoplasma gondii (ME49 strain) chronically infected mice

“…It showed significant inhibitory activity on RH strain tachyzoites, with significant reduction on host cell invasion in vitro. Besides, it was able to increase mice survival rate in chronic infection with ME49 strain [35] . Pomegranate is a rich source of Urolithin-A, a powerful protecting agent against neurodegeneration.…”

Investigation of Antiparasitic Activity of 10 European Tree Bark Extracts on Toxoplasma gondii and Bioguided Identification of Triterpenes in Alnus glutinosa Barks

“…The n -heptane extract of A. glutinosa was fractionated by CPC, yielding 19 chemically simplified fractions, 16 corresponding to the elution step and the last 4 being obtained after a stationary phase extrusion step ( 19 ). The chemical profiling of the CPC fractions was achieved by a dereplication process based on unsupervised clustering of recorded 13 C NMR data ( 20 , 21 ). The resulting heat map after hierarchical clustering analysis on the 13 C chemical shifts (i.e., on the lines of the table) highlights nine clusters ( Fig.…”

Urolithin-A attenuates neurotoxoplasmosis and alters innate response towards predator odor

“…However, the current first-line drugs can only suppress the replication of tachyzoites and are ineffective against the bradyzoite stage. Emerging studies have identified several natural compounds that can negate the brain cyst burden in murine toxoplasmosis ( Dahbi et al., 2010 ; Schultz et al., 2014 ; Doggett et al., 2012 ; Bottari et al., 2015a , 2015b , 2016 ; Eraky et al., 2016 ; Azami et al., 2018 ; Spalenka et al., 2020 ). Here, our study identifies UA as a novel compound that can interfere with cyst formation in-vitro and in-vivo .…”