In vitro and in vivo degradation evaluation of novel iron-bioceramic composites for bone implant applications

Mechanical and corrosion properties of partially degradable bone screws made of pure iron and stainless steel 316L by friction welding

“…9). The observed decrease of radiodensity shows a similarity with the radiodensity analysis of iron-bioceramics implants at 70 day post-implantation [43].…”

“…This indicates a successful surgical procedure. Unlike ironbioceramics implants that induce tissue formation [43], the iron-SS316L friction welded implant is considerably inert. Inflammation and tissue formation may not be detected by X-ray radiography, so they were investigated through the blood plasma analysis.…”

Animal Study and Pre-clinical Trials of Biomaterials

“…Some of animal models that are commonly used in in vivo material test in orthopedic and dentistry implants are small-size animals (Mapara et al 2012), for example mice (Freilich et al 2008;Yang et al 2011), rats (Piccinini et al 2014) and rabbits (Mapara et al 2012). Whereas large animals (Gardel et al 2013;Pearce et al 2007), like sheep (Ulum et al 2014a), goat , dog (Baas 2008), and pig (Ruehe et al 2009) are also used in in vivo test. Large animals have loading functionality and bone structure which are similar to human beings.…”

“…Extracellular fluid can be analyzed at various biomarkers, such as elements, biochemical elements as well as cytokines-the marker of either good or negative implantation biomaterial in the body locally. Ulum et al (2014aUlum et al ( , 2015 Tibia bone Biocompatibility and biodegradation of biodegradable metal implants Ulum et al (2014aUlum et al ( , 2015 Italian massese Tibia bone Autologous bioceramic scaffold Kon et al (2000) Osteointegration of metal implants Sachse et al (2005) Femur bone Mechanical and histomorphometric study of post metal-implants implantation Giavaresi et al 3 Ethics, Care and Use of Animals…”

“…The image of bone and the implant can be analyzed properly in this imaging, both digitally and conventionally. Radiogram implant can be analyzed by using densitometer at illuminator (Noviana et al 2013a;Ulum et al 2014a). Radiogram on illuminators can be converted into digital images by using a digital camera, and then it can be analyzed by using software to analyze the picture, like Fig.…”