In vitro and in silico studies of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Allium sativum against diabetes

Abstract

In the present study, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the bulbs of Allium sativum, characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM, EDAX analysis and investigated its action on the inhibition of starch digestion. The results proved that the biosynthesized nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed, spherical shaped with the size ranging from 10 to 30 nm. The phytochemical and FT-IR analysis showed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, and amino acids in the synthesized AgNPs. The cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were non-toxic to the normal cells. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity. The in vitro antidiabetic activity showed that the synthesized AgNPs increased glucose utilization, decreased hepatic glucose production, inhibited the activity of starch digestive enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and were not involved in the stimulation of pancreatic cells for the secretion of insulin. The in silico antidiabetic activity analysis (molecular docking) also revealed that the silver atoms of the AgNPs interacted with the amino acid residues of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and insulin. The present study proved that the AgNPs synthesized from A. sativum have prominent antidiabetic activity in terms of reducing the hyperglycemia through the increased glucose utilization, decreased hepatic glucose production, and the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. So it can be used as a promising nanomedicine for the treatment of diabetes.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by banana pulp extract: Characterizations, antibacterial activity, and bioelectricity generation

“…In addition, the FTIR spectra revealed characteristic C–H vibrations of cellulose at 854 cm −1 [ 62 ]. These peaks are mainly responsible for the bio-reduction of metal nanoparticles by the plant extract reducing agents [ 65 , 66 ].

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using Allium sativum extract and evaluation of their electrical activities in bio-electrochemical cell

“…A weak signal at 1392 cm −1 is assigned for the -C-O and -OH stretching bands [65,66]. The appearance of terpenoids and flavonoids in garlic extract was confirmed by the vibration frequency at 1620 cm −1 due to the stretching of the C=C bond in the aromatic ring and C=O bond in the carbonyl or carboxylic group [32,67,68]. Another important peak at 1020 cm −1 is associated with the elongation of the ethers (-C-O-C-) group in garlic extract [8,9,24].…”

“…Another important peak at 1020 cm −1 is associated with the elongation of the ethers (-C-O-C-) group in garlic extract [8,9,24]. Both of these peaks play a vital role in reducing the metal ions to metal nanoparticles [64,68,69]. The FT-IR spectra of GE-mediated Ag NPs revealed changes in vibration frequencies from 3256, 2940, 1620, and 1392 cm −1 to 3302, 2934, 1614, and 1390 cm −1 , suggesting the reduction of silver ions and the capping and stability of newly formed silver nanoparticles through the interaction with biomolecules like alcohols, terpenes, tannins, phenols, and terpenoids [68].…”

“…Both of these peaks play a vital role in reducing the metal ions to metal nanoparticles [64,68,69]. The FT-IR spectra of GE-mediated Ag NPs revealed changes in vibration frequencies from 3256, 2940, 1620, and 1392 cm −1 to 3302, 2934, 1614, and 1390 cm −1 , suggesting the reduction of silver ions and the capping and stability of newly formed silver nanoparticles through the interaction with biomolecules like alcohols, terpenes, tannins, phenols, and terpenoids [68]. An additional peak at 514 cm −1 in Ag NPs originated due to the formation of a metal-oxygen bond [70].…”

Therapeutic strategy of biological macromolecules based natural bioactive compounds of diabetes mellitus and future perspectives: A systematic review

“…They favor targeted drug administration, biotechnology, and possible in vivo imaging due to their high surface areas, efficient quantum self-assembly, specialty functional groups, and the capability to couple with the molecule of importance. In addition, metallic nanoparticles have demonstrated many benefits that fabricate them attractive candidates for various applications [ [187] , [188] , [189] , [190] , [191] , [192] , [193] , [194] , [195] , [196] , [197] ]. These benefits include ease of fabrication, high entrapment efficiency, environmental friendliness, economy, stability, and repeatability.…”