In vitro and ex vivo models indicate that the molecular clock in fast skeletal muscle of Atlantic cod is not autonomous

Lazado, Carlo C.; Kumaratunga, Hiruni; Nagasawa, Kazue; Babiak, Igor; Caipang, Christopher Marlowe A.; Fernandes, Jorge M.O.

doi:10.1007/s11033-014-3551-5

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Arntl2 is considered as a paralog to Arntl , and both are homologs of the Drosophila gene Cycle . Further homologs were isolated in several other species such as fish and birds . Large‐scale sequencing projects identified Arntl2 homologs in lizards ( Anolis carolinensis ) and the tropical clawed frog ( Xenopus tropicalis ).…”

Section: The Arntl2 Genementioning

confidence: 83%

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Circadian rhythm‐related genes: implication in autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes

Lebailly

Rogner

2015

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Recent gene association and functional studies have proven the implication of several circadian rhythm-related genes in diabetes. Diabetes has been related to variation in central circadian regulation and peripheral oscillation. Different transcriptional regulators have been identified. Circadian genes are clearly implicated in metabolic pathways, pancreatic function and in type 2 diabetes. Much less evidence has been shown for the link between circadian regulation and type 1 diabetes. The hypothesis that circadian genes are involved in type 1 diabetes is reinforced by findings that the immune system undergoes circadian variation and that several autoimmune diseases are associated with circadian genes. Recent findings in the non-obese diabetic mouse model pinpoint to specific mechanisms controlling type 1 diabetes by the clock-related gene Arntl2 in the immune system. Keywords: circadian rhythm, cytokine, immune system, transcription factor, type 1 diabetes Date submitted 10 April 2015; date of final acceptance 5 May 2015 Circadian Genes and DiabetesThere is growing evidence about the implication of the circadian rhythm in diabetes development [1]. Studies in mice have shown that the disruption of circadian rhythms can accelerate diabetes and -cell loss [2]. In humans a link between the central circadian rhythm regulation and glucose homeostasis has been suggested by findings such as the polymorphism in MTNR1B, encoding the melatonin receptor 1B, that increases the risk for type 2 diabetes [3].Transcription and translation of core clock components circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (ARNTL1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2 (ARNTL2), period circadian proteins (PER1, PER2, PER3) and Cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) play a pivotal role in rhythm generation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is the site of the master circadian oscillator in mammals, but also in the control of peripheral oscillations.The direct relation of CLOCK-related genes in diabetes has already been shown [4]. ARNTL1, which is also called brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) or member of PAS superfamily 3 (MOP3), has been genetically linked to hypertension and type 2 diabetes in humans [5]. Knockout mice for Arntl1 and Clock exhibited a role for the -cell clock in coordinating insulin secretion with the sleep-wake cycle, and revealed that ablation of the pancreatic clock can trigger the onset of diabetes mellitus [6]. The major circadian pacemaker ARNTL1 has in addition been associated with susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus [7]. CRY, another component of the core clock, is required for the regulation of inflammatory cytokines via the NF-kappaB Other homologous genes of the family of basic helix-loophelix transcription factors, such as the dioxin-receptor encoding gene AHR [10], ARNT [11] have been associated with diabetes. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a cytosolic transcription factor that is normally inactive, bound to several co-cha...

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Section: The Arntl2 Genementioning

confidence: 83%

“…Further homologs were isolated in several other species such as fish [30] and birds [23,31,32]. Large-scale sequencing projects identified Arntl2 homologs in lizards (Anolis carolinensis) and the tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis).…”

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confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythm‐related genes: implication in autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes

Lebailly

Rogner

2015

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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“…growth of individual fish and the production of aquaculture biomass. 117 To do this, they used both muscle cell culture and muscle explant culture from a cold-water species, the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Muscle blocks were isolated, washed in cold phosphate-buffered saline, and then rinsed in sterile DMEM with antibiotics (Fig.…”

Section: Highlights Of the Recent Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Last Half Century of Fish Explant and Organ Culture

LeClair

2021

Zebrafish

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Explants are three-dimensional tissue fragments maintained outside the organism. The goals of this article are to review the history of fish explant culture and discuss applications of this technique that may assist the modern zebrafish laboratory. Because most zebrafish workers do not have a background in tissue culture, the key variables of this method are deliberately explained in a general way. This is followed by a review of fishspecific explantation approaches, including presurgical husbandry, aseptic dissection technique, choice of media and additives, incubation conditions, viability assays, and imaging studies. Relevant articles since 1970 are organized in a table grouped by organ system. From these, I highlight several recent studies using explant culture to study physiological and embryological processes in teleosts, including circadian rhythms, hormonal regulation, and cardiac development.

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“…Some of these genes encoding factors like myosin heavy chain and troponin, for instance, as well as genes implicated in calcium handling, are down‐regulated in Clock mutant mice . In addition, it was reported that in fast skeletal muscles of Atlantic cods there is a correlation between the photoperiod and myosin expression . Further studies are needed to better understand the role of the clock in the control of fibre formation and the establishment of contractile properties.…”

Section: The Molecular Clock During Myogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle functions around the clock

Mayeuf-Louchart

Staels

Duez

2015

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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In mammals, the central clock localized in the central nervous system imposes a circadian rhythmicity to all organs. This is achieved thanks to a well-conserved molecular clockwork, involving interactions between several transcription factors, whose pace is conveyed to peripheral tissues through neuronal and humoral signals. The molecular clock plays a key role in the control of numerous physiological processes and takes part in the regulation of metabolism and energy balance. Skeletal muscle is one of the peripheral organs whose function is under the control of the molecular clock. However, although skeletal muscle metabolism and performances display circadian rhythmicity, the role of the molecular clock in the skeletal muscle has remained unappreciated for years. Peripheral organs such as skeletal muscle, and the liver, among others, can be desynchronized from the central clock by external stimuli, such as feeding or exercise, which impose a new rhythm at the organism level. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the clock in skeletal muscle circadian physiology, focusing on the control of myogenesis and skeletal muscle metabolism. Keywords: circadian molecular clock, exercise, metabolism, Rev-erb , Rev-erb , skeletal muscle Date submitted 10 April 2015; date of final acceptance 3 May 2015 IntroductionSkeletal muscle represents 40% of the body mass and ensures locomotion, posture support and breathing. It is also a major metabolic organ that is highly sensitive to insulin.Skeletal muscle formation begins during embryogenesis, when the different muscle patterns are organized. During post-natal growth, functional muscles, which possess specific contractile and metabolic properties, are further formed. In adults, skeletal muscles are classified based on their fast and slow fibre content. Slow muscles, such as the soleus and diaphragm, consist in the majority of slow oxidative fibres, which contain high amount of mitochondria, mainly oxidize lipids and glucose and are engaged in low-intensity long-lasting endurance exercise. By contrast, fast muscles such as the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), are mainly composed of glycolytic fibres and are involved in short-duration high-intensity exercise. While the fibre type is established during post-natal development, it remains plastic and can be modulated by external stimuli. Exercise is one of the stimuli-modulating skeletal muscle properties: endurance exercise promotes slow-twitch conversion of fibres, while strength exercise favours fast-twitch conversion [1]. Beyond its effect on skeletal muscle properties, exercise acts at the whole organism level to control energy balance. Studies have indeed reported that exercise influences whole-body circadian rhythmicity [2][3][4][5].Rhythmicity is an evolutionary feature conserved from bacteria to the plant and animal kingdoms [6], and that is generated by an endogenous molecular clock. In mammals, the circadian pacemaker lies in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the hypothalamus, and is referred ...

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In vitro and ex vivo models indicate that the molecular clock in fast skeletal muscle of Atlantic cod is not autonomous

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Circadian rhythm‐related genes: implication in autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes

Circadian rhythm‐related genes: implication in autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes

The Last Half Century of Fish Explant and Organ Culture

Skeletal muscle functions around the clock

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