“…NHF165 exhibited the highest activity against V. anguillarum , and the functional component was finally determined as actinonin. Actinonin was isolated from soil Streptomyces in 1962 and was reported to be an inhibitor targeting E. coli PDF and M. tuberculosis PDF ( Sharma et al, 2009 ). Our discovery is the first report to show that marine derived actinonin possesses anti- Vibrio activity via targeting VaPDF.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The widespread occurrence, conservation, and essential nature of deformylase in bacteria make it an attractive target for antibacterial drug discovery ( Giglione et al, 2000 ; Sangshetti et al, 2015 ). PDF is widely used in human bacteria infection treatment caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Helicobacter pylori , Haemophilus influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , etc ( Sharma et al, 2009 ; Peyrusson et al, 2015 ). PDF inhibitors, GSK-1322322, BB-83698 and LBM-415, have entered into clinical developments ( Sangshetti et al, 2015 ).…”
Vibrio sp. is the most serious pathogen in marine aquaculture, and the development of anti-Vibrio agents is urgently needed. However, it is extreme lack of high-throughput screening (HTS) model for searching anti-Vibrio compounds. Here, we established a protein-based HTS screening model to identify agents targeting peptide deformylase (PDF) of Vibrio anguillarum. To find potential anti-Vibrio compounds, crude extracts derived from marine actinomycetes were applied for screening with this model. Notably, crude extract of strain Streptomyces sp. NHF165 inhibited dramatically both on V. anguillarum PDF (VaPDF) activity and V. anguillarum cell growth. And actinonin was further identified as the functional component. Anti-VaPDF and anti-V. anguillarum activities of actinonin were dose-dependent, and the IC50 values were 6.94 and 2.85 μM, respectively. To understand the resistance of V. anguillarum against actinonin, spontaneous V. anguillarum mutants with resistance against actinonin were isolated. Surprisingly, for the resistant strains, the region between 774 and 852 base pairs was found to be absent in the gene folD which produces 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, a donor of N-formyl to Met-tRNAfmet. When compared to the wild type strain, ΔfolD mutant showed eight times of minimum inhibition concentration on actinonin, however, the folD complementary strain could not grow on the medium supplemented with actinonin, which suggested that folD gene mutation was mainly responsible for the actinonin resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that marine derived Streptomyces sp. could produce actinonin with anti-VaPDF activity and the resistance against actinonin by V. anguillarum is mediated by mutation in folD gene.
“…NHF165 exhibited the highest activity against V. anguillarum , and the functional component was finally determined as actinonin. Actinonin was isolated from soil Streptomyces in 1962 and was reported to be an inhibitor targeting E. coli PDF and M. tuberculosis PDF ( Sharma et al, 2009 ). Our discovery is the first report to show that marine derived actinonin possesses anti- Vibrio activity via targeting VaPDF.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The widespread occurrence, conservation, and essential nature of deformylase in bacteria make it an attractive target for antibacterial drug discovery ( Giglione et al, 2000 ; Sangshetti et al, 2015 ). PDF is widely used in human bacteria infection treatment caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Helicobacter pylori , Haemophilus influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , etc ( Sharma et al, 2009 ; Peyrusson et al, 2015 ). PDF inhibitors, GSK-1322322, BB-83698 and LBM-415, have entered into clinical developments ( Sangshetti et al, 2015 ).…”
Vibrio sp. is the most serious pathogen in marine aquaculture, and the development of anti-Vibrio agents is urgently needed. However, it is extreme lack of high-throughput screening (HTS) model for searching anti-Vibrio compounds. Here, we established a protein-based HTS screening model to identify agents targeting peptide deformylase (PDF) of Vibrio anguillarum. To find potential anti-Vibrio compounds, crude extracts derived from marine actinomycetes were applied for screening with this model. Notably, crude extract of strain Streptomyces sp. NHF165 inhibited dramatically both on V. anguillarum PDF (VaPDF) activity and V. anguillarum cell growth. And actinonin was further identified as the functional component. Anti-VaPDF and anti-V. anguillarum activities of actinonin were dose-dependent, and the IC50 values were 6.94 and 2.85 μM, respectively. To understand the resistance of V. anguillarum against actinonin, spontaneous V. anguillarum mutants with resistance against actinonin were isolated. Surprisingly, for the resistant strains, the region between 774 and 852 base pairs was found to be absent in the gene folD which produces 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, a donor of N-formyl to Met-tRNAfmet. When compared to the wild type strain, ΔfolD mutant showed eight times of minimum inhibition concentration on actinonin, however, the folD complementary strain could not grow on the medium supplemented with actinonin, which suggested that folD gene mutation was mainly responsible for the actinonin resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that marine derived Streptomyces sp. could produce actinonin with anti-VaPDF activity and the resistance against actinonin by V. anguillarum is mediated by mutation in folD gene.
“…Molecular docking has been used for the screening of potent drug molecules by targeting the aerolysin of A. hydrophila [38] and 3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [56]. Sharma et al [57] have tested BB-3497 and actinonin and both were found to be potent drugs against the PDF of M. tuberculosis at low concentrations. While in the case of interaction of a BBS-02 molecule with PDF, a number of amino acids including Tyr39, Ile45, Gly46, Gln51, Leu92, His137, Glu134, Cys91, Gly90, Ile120, and Leu92 were obtained (Figure 5a).…”
Section: Screening Of Potent Drugs and Phylogenetic Analysismentioning
Currently, the prevalence of multidrug resistance Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major issues and challenges for aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Therefore, an urgent need arises to control it using a potent and specific drug. Here, we identified a peptide deformylase (PDF) in A. hydrophila, which is a ubiquitous enzyme and one of the most attractive drug targets. We used the PDF protein sequences for generating a 3-D model using homology modeling. The 3-D model was validated and it was found 91% of the present amino acids in allowed regions of the Ramachandran plot. We used the 3-D model of PDF for the screening of drugs through molecular docking and found BB-3497, actinonin, and BBS-02 were more potent than other studied drugs based on binding energy. We have also generated a phylogenetic tree of PDF from A. hydrophila with other homologous bacteria, suggesting that similar drugs could also be applied to the control of those bacteria. These findings provide a new insight for the better understanding of PDF, which is a novel target for the development of more potent inhibitors towards the better control of multidrug resistant A. hydrophila.
“…[32,33] 1,10-Phenanthroline has been found active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [34] Tuberculosis is a well-known disease that has troubled human beings in past times [35] and still remains a major health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one-third of the population is infected with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and approximately 3 million people per year die due to this bacillus.…”
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