In vitro adhesiveness and biotype of Gardnerella vaginalis strains in relation to the occurrence of clue cells in vaginal discharges.

Scott, Thomas G.; Smyth, Cyril J.; Keane, C. T.

doi:10.1136/sti.63.1.47

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Adherence of G. vaginalis to McCoy cells but not to erythrocytes correlated with the presence of clue cells in women who were the source of the strains studied (173). Adherence of Mobiluncus mulieris and M. curtisii was better at pH 7.5 and 5.5 than at pH 4.0, and adherence of Prevotella bivia and P. disiens was better at pH 7.5 than at pH 5.5 or 4.0 (136).…”

Section: Bacterial Productsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a study of 520 college students and 30 women referred to a vaginitis clinic because of signs and symptoms of BV, 173 (88%) of 197 women with BV and 32 (10%) of 323 without BV or trichomoniasis had diamines detected by thin-layer chromatography. After successful therapy with metronidazole, the diamines were no longer detectable (28).…”

Section: Biochemical Characteristics Of Bvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial vaginosis

1991

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common of the vaginitides affecting women of reproductive age. It appears to be due to an alteration in the vaginal ecology by which Lactobacillus spp., the predominant organisms in the healthy vagina, are replaced by a mixed flora including Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Porphyromonas spp., Mobiluncus spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. All of these organisms except Mobiluncus spp. are also members of the endogenous vaginal flora. While evidence from treatment trials does not support the notion that BV is sexually transmitted, recent studies have shown an increased risk associated with multiple sexual partners. It has also been suggested that the pathogenesis of BV may be similar to that of urinary tract infections, with the rectum serving as a reservoir for some BV-associated flora. The organisms associated with BV have also been recognized as agents of female upper genital tract infection, including pelvic inflammatory disease, and the syndrome BV has been associated with adverse outcome of pregnancy, including premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and fetal loss; postpartum endometritis; cuff cellulitis; and urinary tract infections. The mechanisms by which the BV-associated flora causes the signs of BV are not well understood, but a role for H2O2-producing Lactobacillus spp. in protecting against colonization by catalase-negative anaerobic bacteria has been recognized. These and other aspects of BV are reviewed.

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Section: Bacterial Productsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Biochemical Characteristics Of Bvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial vaginosis

1991

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“…Mardh Hemagglutination of one or more species of erythrocytes that occurred at 5°C and was reversed upon warming was described by Edmunds (60). Ison and Easmon (98) (205).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gardnerella vaginalis: characteristics, clinical considerations, and controversies

1992

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The clinical significance, Gram stain reaction, and genus affiliation of Gardnerella vaginalis have been controversial since Gardner and Dukes described the organism as the cause of "nonspecific vaginitis," a common disease of women which is now called bacterial vaginosis. The organism was named G. vaginalis when taxonomic studies showed that it was unrelated to bacteria in various genera including Haemophilus and Corynebacterium. Electron microscopy and chemical analyses have elucidated the organism's gram-variable reaction. Controversy over the etiology of bacterial vaginosis was largely resolved by (i) studies using improved media and methods for the isolation and identification of bacteria in vaginal fluids and (ii) standardization of criteria for clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Besides G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., Mycoplasma hominis, and certain obligate anaerobes are now acknowledged as participants in bacterial vaginosis. The finding that G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., and M. hominis inhabit the rectum indicates a potential source of autoinfection in addition to sexual transmission. Extravaginal infections with G. vaginalis are increasingly recognized, especially when the toxic anticoagulant polyanetholesulfonate is omitted from blood cultures and when urine cultures are incubated anaerobically for 48 h. The finding that mares harbor G. vaginalis suggests that an equine model can be developed for studies of Gardnerella pathogenesis.

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“…A study in Atlanta, United States of America, showed features of HSV in only 0-16% of 40 000 smears,3 and a similar result was obtained in an analysis of over 57 000 cervical smears in Finland. 4 We carried out this study to assess the clinical characteristics of patients in whom HSV was detected on routine cervical cytology. The case notes of all women attending the department of genitourinary medicine at the Middlesex Hospital during a two year period whose cervical smears showed changes characteristic of HSV were analysed retrospectively.…”

Section: Genitl Herpes Diansed By Cervical Cytologymentioning

confidence: 99%