In Vitro Activity of Linezolid against Slowly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Brown‐Elliott, Barbara A.; Crist, Christopher J.; Mann, Linda; Wilson, Rebecca W.; Wallace, Richard J.

doi:10.1128/aac.47.5.1736-1738.2003

Cited by 95 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the present study, linezolid demonstrated similar activities against most mycobacterial isolates in agreement with previous reports (5,6). However, the M. avium complex and M. abscessus required 32 mg/L to inhibit 90z of the isolates tested, indicating that treatment with linezolid against these two species is difficult.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…In the second-line drugs, the highest drug resistance rate was to PAS (91.5z), followed by ofloxacin (69.2z), while the lowest resistant rates were for amikacin and capreomycin. Linezolid showed excellent activity against M. kansasii, and M. fortuitum, with MIC ranges of 0.5-1 mg/L and 0.5-8 mg/L, respectively, which was in accordance with previous reports (5,6). Similarly, the in vitro activities of sy142 and sy144 against these two species were comparable to those of linezolid.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Novel Oxazolidinone Analogues against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria In Vitro

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are associated with a number of clinical diseases and only a few antitubercular agents are active against them. Oxazolidinones comprise a novel class of antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at the ribosome. Linezolid, the first oxazolidinone antibacterial agent approved for clinical use, has excellent activity against some NTM but is ineffective against others. Sy142 and sy144 are novel oxazolidinones with demonstrated activties against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. In this work, we compared the susceptibilities of key NTM species to linezolid, sy142, and sy144. The organisms included 21 isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus, 31 of Mycobacterium avium, 11 of Mycobacterium chelonae, 24 of Mycobacterium fortuitum, 26 of Mycobacterium kansasii, and 17 of Mycobacterium intracellulare. For M. kansasii and M. fortuitum, linezolid showed excellent antimicrobial activity, and an equal MIC range was found in sy142 and sy144. For the species that linezolid was less active against, sy142 and sy144 showed greater antimicrobial activities or exhibited equal compared to linezolid. Particularly, for M. avium and M. intracellulare, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sy142 was 4-fold higher than that of linezolid. These results demonstrate the potential of these compounds to treat NTM infections.

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confidence: 79%

supporting

confidence: 78%

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Novel Oxazolidinone Analogues against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria In Vitro

et al. 2015

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“…Linezolid has also been demonstrated to be a useful agent for the treatment of disseminated disease caused by M. chelonae, although the risk of toxicity requires the careful monitoring of long-term therapy (i.e., 3 to 6 months) (55). Approximately 94% of isolates of M. chelonae have linezolid MICs in the susceptible range (53,415). Because isolates vary in their susceptibilities to these oral agents, in vitro susceptibility testing to determine the optimal drug treatment is warranted (410,426).…”

Section: Disseminated Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Drug Resistance Mechanisms, and Therapy of Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

2012

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SUMMARY Within the past 10 years, treatment and diagnostic guidelines for nontuberculous mycobacteria have been recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Moreover, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has published and recently (in 2011) updated recommendations including suggested antimicrobial and susceptibility breakpoints. The CLSI has also recommended the broth microdilution method as the gold standard for laboratories performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. This article reviews the laboratory, diagnostic, and treatment guidelines together with established and probable drug resistance mechanisms of the nontuberculous mycobacteria.

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“…Many documented SGM species demonstrate susceptibility to macrolides, and these agents are now a cornerstone of most SGM regimens (9). Linezolid demonstrates high oral drug availability and good in vitro susceptibility against a broad range of SGM, but it differs depending on the strain of nontuberculous Mycobacterium that is being treated (13,14). Finally, ciprofloxacin is relatively well tolerated with a low side effect profile and has a relatively broad coverage of the SGM group at achievable MICs (15).…”

Section: Paraffinicum Was Initially Isolated From a Soil Sample Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium paraffinicum Causing Symptomatic Pulmonary Infection

et al. 2014

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c Mycobacterium paraffinicum has been newly recognized as a species. A case of symptomatic pulmonary infection caused by M. paraffinicum is described, and as far as we know, this is the first case of the organism as a human pathogen. CASE REPORT In May 2012, an 85-year-old female presented to our tertiary referral hospital with acute shortness of breath. Her medical history included hypertension, for which she was not treated. She noted progressive generalized weakness, malaise, anorexia, and a chronic cough productive of white sputum for the past 6 years. On review of systems, she reported no fevers, chills, night sweats, or hemoptysis. She denied any history of smoking (but lived with a smoker), pneumonia, or other lung infections, tuberculosis exposure, homelessness, health care work, history of imprisonment, or recent travel. On physical examination, the patient had a temperature of 37.0°C, blood pressure of 158/88 mm Hg, a heart rate of 109 beats per minute (bpm), a respiratory rate of 20, and a 93% oxygen saturation as determined by pulse oximetry on ambient air. On examination, the patient had moderate kyphosis and pectus carinatum with no cervical lymphadenopathy. There was a 3/6 holosystolic murmur present at the cardiac apex and bibasilar rales on the left lung greater than on the right with no evidence of egophony. She exhibited 5/5 strength throughout all extremities. Laboratory data were as follows: white blood cell count of 16,400/l, with a differential of 1% band forms, 94% segmented neutrophils, 3% lymphocytes, and 2% monocytes, hemoglobin of 11.4 g/dl, platelet count of 507,000/l, sodium at 129 meq/liter, potassium at 3.6 meq/ liter, glucose at 131 mg/dl, and creatinine at 1.1 mg/dl. The patient was started on ceftriaxone and azithromycin for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, which was consistent with her presentation. On the second day of hospitalization, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast revealed near-complete occlusion of the left main bronchus with associated atelectasis of the lingula and cylindrical and cystic bronchiectasis within the left lower lobe and right middle lobe (Fig. 1). Also present were numerous nodules within the atelectatic lung, with central hypoattenuation, numerous additional nodules with central hypoattenuation present bilaterally, and moderate bilateral pleural effusions. A transthoracic echocardiogram was also obtained, revealing an impaired relaxation pattern of diastolic filling and elevated right ventricular systolic pressure. On the fourth day, the patient underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of the left lower lobe, revealing severe mucous plugging of the left lung and thick mucoid secretions without evidence of endobronchial lesions, which grew Candida spp. Treatment of the BAL fluid with acid-fast (Kinyoun) stain revealed rare acid-fast bacilli. The infectious disease service was consulted, and PCR testing using a laboratory-developed test of the primary BAL sample was requested and was n...

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In Vitro Activity of Linezolid against Slowly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Cited by 95 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Novel Oxazolidinone Analogues against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria In Vitro

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Novel Oxazolidinone Analogues against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria In Vitro

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Drug Resistance Mechanisms, and Therapy of Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium paraffinicum Causing Symptomatic Pulmonary Infection

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