In vitro activity of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against 204 anaerobes compared to seven other compounds

Dubreuil, L.; Behra-Miellet, Josette; Neut, Christel; Calvet, L.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00773.x

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

2003

DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00773.x

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In vitro activity of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against 204 anaerobes compared to seven other compounds

L. Dubreuil¹,

Josette Behra-Miellet²,

Christel Neut³

et al.

Abstract: The activity of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone derivative, was compared with the activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole against 204 anaerobes isolated from clinical specimens, by MIC determination, using the reference agar dilution method. When determining the overall activity against anaerobes, the MIC50/90 (mg/L) values were amoxicillin 16/>64, amoxicillin-clavulanate 0.125/1, imipenem 0.25/0.5, clindamycin 0.5/>256, metro… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Amoxicillin/ /clavulanate was the only antimicrobial agent active against all the tested isolates, which may be important in the choice of empiric therapy not only for anaerobic but also for mixed infections. Moreover, among the tested anaerobes, representing mainly Gram-positive bacteria, the lowest resistance rates were for imipenem and cefoxitin, while the highest were for metronidazole and penicillin G. Consistent with the results of previous studies [18,20,22], the rates of resistance may show clinically important variations among geographic areas and between countries.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

“…Several classes of antimicrobial agents have good activity against anaerobic bacteria, including penicillins alone or in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole, glycopeptides, macrolides, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones [2,18,19]. However, antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes has become an increasing problem over the past two decades; beta-lactamase production is one of the commonest resistance mechanisms [20,21].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic bacteria colonizing the lower airways in lung cancer patients

Rybojad¹,

Łoś²,

Sawicki³

et al. 2011

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:Abstract: Abstract: Abstract: Abstract: Anaerobes comprise most of the endogenous oropharyngeal microflora, and can cause infections of airways in lung cancer patients who are at high risk for respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and species diversity of anaerobes in specimens from the lower airways of lung cancer patients. Sensitivity of the isolates to conventional antimicrobial agents used in anaerobe therapy was assessed. Respiratory secretions obtained by bronchoscopy from 30 lung cancer patients were cultured onto Wilkins--Chalgren agar in anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 72-96 hours. The isolates were identified using microtest Api 20A. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole were determined by E-test. A total of 47 isolates of anaerobic bacteria were detected in 22 (73.3%) specimens. More than one species of anaerobe was found in 16 (53.3%) samples. The most frequently isolated were Actinomyces spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp., followed by Eubacterium lentum, Veillonella parvula, Prevotella spp., Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus jensenii. Among antibiotics used in the study amoxicillin/clavulanate and imipenem were the most active in vitro (0% and 2% resistant strains, respectively). The highest resistance rate was found for penicillin G and metronidazole (36% and 38% resistant strains, respectively). The results obtained confirm the need to conduct analyses of anaerobic microflora colonizing the lower respiratory tract in patients with lung cancer to monitor potential etiologic factors of airways infections, as well as to propose efficient, empirical therapy. (Folia Histochemica et

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supporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic bacteria colonizing the lower airways in lung cancer patients

Rybojad¹,

Łoś²,

Sawicki³

et al. 2011

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Gatifloxacin from Pharmaceutical Preparation

Sane¹,

Menon²,

Pathak³

et al. 2005

Chroma

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A Review of New Fluoroquinolones

Zhanel

Fontaine

Adam

et al. 2006

Treatments in Respiratory Medicine

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The new respiratory fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and on the horizon, garenoxacin) offer many improved qualities over older agents such as ciprofloxacin. These include retaining excellent activity against Gram-negative bacilli, with improved Gram-positive activity (including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus). In addition, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and garenoxacin all demonstrate increased anaerobic activity (including activity against Bacteroides fragilis). The new fluoroquinolones possess greater bioavailability and longer serum half-lives compared with ciprofloxacin. The new fluoroquinolones allow for once-daily administration, which may improve patient adherence. The high bioavailability allows for rapid step down from intravenous administration to oral therapy, minimizing unnecessary hospitalization, which may decrease costs and improve quality of life of patients. Clinical trials involving the treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections (acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis, and community-acquired pneumonia) demonstrate high bacterial eradication rates and clinical cure rates. In the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, the various new fluoroquinolones appear to be comparable to each other, but may be more effective than macrolide or cephalosporin-based regimens. However, additional data are required before it can be emphatically stated that the new fluoroquinolones as a class are responsible for better outcomes than comparators in community-acquired respiratory infections. Gemifloxacin (except for higher rates of hypersensitivity), levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin have relatively mild adverse effects that are more or less comparable to ciprofloxacin. In our opinion, gatifloxacin should not be used, due to glucose alterations which may be serious. Although all new fluoroquinolones react with metal ion-containing drugs (antacids), other drug interactions are relatively mild compared with ciprofloxacin. The new fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin have much to offer in terms of bacterial eradication, including activity against resistant respiratory pathogens such as penicillin-resistant, macrolide-resistant, and multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae. However, ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms, including ciprofloxacin-resistant S. pneumoniae, are becoming more prevalent, thus prudent use must be exercised when prescribing these valuable agents.

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In vitro activity of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against 204 anaerobes compared to seven other compounds

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Anaerobic bacteria colonizing the lower airways in lung cancer patients

Anaerobic bacteria colonizing the lower airways in lung cancer patients

Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Gatifloxacin from Pharmaceutical Preparation

A Review of New Fluoroquinolones

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