In vitro activity of danofloxacin, tylosin and oxytetracycline against mycoplasmas of veterinary importance

Cooper, Angel; Fuller, Jeff; Fuller, M.K.; Whittlestone, P.; Wise, D.R.

doi:10.1016/0034-5288(93)90130-8

Cited by 64 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Estes resultados confirmam a refratariedade das infecções intramamárias por M. bovis aos antibacterianos. Vários autores relatam resultados semelhantes, apesar de M. bovis apresentar sensibilidade in vitro a vários antibióticos como a tetraciclina, tilosina, danofloxacin e enrofloxacina, entre outros (Jasper 1981, Cooper et al 1993, Gunning & Shepherd 1996, Mettifogo et al 1996.…”

Section: Resul Resul Resul Resul Results T T T Tados E Discus Ados E Dunclassified

Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros

et al. 2001

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Foram examinadas 713 vacas de três rebanhos leiteiros localizados na região norte do Estado do Paraná e sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, das quais 137 apresentaram mastite. Nas três propriedades foram detectados oito animais (1,12%) com mastite clínica por Mycoplasma bovis. Destes animais, quatro tratados com oxitetraciclina e tilosina e três com enrofloxacina, não responderam ao tratamento e foram descartados no decorrer da lactação. Uma vaca medicada com enrofloxacina recuperou quase que totalmente a secreção láctea mas a eliminação de M. bovis persistiu por toda lactação. Esta vaca apresentou cura bacteriológica na lactação seguinte. O descarte dos animais positivos, monitora-mento bacteriológico e a aplicação correta das medidas de prevenção para as mastites contagiosas controlaram a disseminação de M. bovis nos rebanhos.

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Section: Resul Resul Resul Resul Results T T T Tados E Discus Ados E Dunclassified

Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros

et al. 2001

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“…Transudate and exudate were collected in disposable syringes (1.0 ml of each fluid) at 1,3,6,9,12,24,30,36, and 48 h after drug administration and were protected from light. To remove cells, the samples were centrifuged at 2,000 ϫ g and 4°C for 10 min.…”

Section: Vol 47 2003 Pk-pd Integration Of Danofloxacin In Sheep 627mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed studies of its spectrum of activity against sheep pathogens have not been described, but MICs at which 90% of strains are inhibited (MIC 90 s) of Յ0.25 g/ml for the cattle pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Mycoplasma bovis, and Mycoplasma dispar have been reported (3,10,12,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK-PD Integration of Danofloxacin in Sheep Biological Fluids

Aliabadi

Landoni

Lees

2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug danofloxacin was administered to sheep intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg of body weight in a two-period crossover study. The pharmacokinetic properties of danofloxacin in serum, inflamed tissue cage fluid (exudate), and noninflamed tissue cage fluid (transudate) were established by using a tissue cage model. The in vitro and ex vivo activities of danofloxacin in serum, exudate, and transudate against a pathogenic strain of Mannheimia haemolytica were established. Integration of in vivo pharmacokinetic data with the in vitro MIC provided mean values for the area under the curve (AUC)/MIC for serum, exudate, and transudate of 60.5, 85.6, and 45.7 h, respectively, after i.v. dosing and 55.9, 77.9, and 49.1 h, respectively, after i.m. dosing. After i.m. dosing, the maximum concentration/MIC ratios for serum, exudate, and transudate were 10.8, 3.0, and 1.6, respectively. The ex vivo growth inhibition data after i.m. dosing were fitted to the inhibitory sigmoid E max equation to provide the values of AUC/MIC required to produce bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity, and elimination of bacteria. The respective values for serum were 17.8, 20.2, and 28.7 h, and slightly higher values were obtained for transudate and exudate. It is proposed that use of these data might provide a novel approach to the rational design of dosage schedules.Danofloxacin is an antibacterial drug of the fluoroquinolone group developed for use in veterinary medicine. It achieves high concentrations in several tissues, including the lung (11,22,23,33). Moreover, studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the volume of distribution exceeds 3 liters/kg in four ruminant species after intravenous (i.v.) dosing (28). However, only one previous publication has described the pharmacokinetics (PK) of danofloxacin in sheep (22).The spectrum of antimicrobial activity of danofloxacin is wide and includes most gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, and intracellular pathogens, such as Brucella and Chlamydia species; but it has poor activity against anaerobes (1,13,25,32). Detailed studies of its spectrum of activity against sheep pathogens have not been described, but MICs at which 90% of strains are inhibited (MIC 90 s) of Յ0.25 g/ml for the cattle pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Mycoplasma bovis, and Mycoplasma dispar have been reported (3,10,12,21).Bacterial diseases in sheep cause morbidity, mortality, suffering, and significant economic losses. Antibacterial drugs are therefore used in both treatment and prevention programs. However, there are only limited data on the pharmacology of antibacterial drugs in sheep. Such data are required for the design of rational dosage schedules for clinical use. In addition, the sheep is a suitable species for use in models of disease and inflammation because of its size, temperament, and the ease of repeated samplings of blood and other body fluids.The design of e...

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“…In previous studies it has been concluded that quinolones and fluoroquinolones such as enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were mycoplasmacidal (2,5,9,10). This may explain why we obtained higher percentages of PI-stained cells with enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin than with the other antibacterial agents that are known to be bacteriostatic (20).…”

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confidence: 63%

Flow Cytometric Determination of the Effects of Antibacterial Agents on Mycoplasma agalactiae , Mycoplasma putrefaciens , Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum , and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony Type

Assunção

Antunes

Rosales

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Flow cytometry together with SYBR green I and propidium iodide was used to study the effects of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, and tylosin on four mycoplasma species. Inhibition of mycoplasma growth could be detected by as early as 3 h after the start of treatment. The strongest effect was observed with enrofloxacin-and ciprofloxacin-treated cells.Contagious agalactia of small ruminants is a serious disease responsible for causing severe economic losses in goat and sheep farms throughout the world (3,14). It has four causal agents, Mycoplasma agalactiae, M. putrefaciens, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, and M. mycoides subsps. mycoides large colony type (LC) (3), which cause a variety of clinical syndromes like mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, and, occasionally, abortion and respiratory disease (3,14). Contagious agalactia is currently controlled by vaccination and antimicrobial treatment. However, uncontrolled antimicrobial treatment is very common and can lead to the development of antimicrobial agent-resistant strains.The efficacies of all antimicrobials are described in terms of MICs. Despite reservations about their clinical relevance, MICs are still generally considered the reference point for comparison and evaluation of the sensitivities of other tests (8). Mycoplasmas are slowly growing and highly fastidious; and they do not produce turbidity in broth, nor do they grow on agar surfaces at levels sufficient for conventional antibacterial testing (8).Flow cytometry is a very powerful technique that makes it possible to study the morphological and physiological characteristics of individual cells and their distributions within large cell populations in a short period of time (1,4,6,17). It has wide-ranging clinical and experimental applications in investigations of eukaryotic cells and also looks very promising in the case of bacteria (4). On the basis of these considerations, it is appropriate to attempt to apply this methodology to the assessment of the antibiotic susceptibilities of these four mycoplasma species because of their importance in disease and because of their increasing resistance to previously active antibiotics (7,12,18,19).The reference strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC, M. agalactiae, M. putrefaciens, and M. capricolum subsp. capricolum were obtained from the National Collection of Type Cultures (United Kingdom). Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO); and gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, and tylosin were obtained from Serva (Heidelberg, Germany). Stock solutions of the antibacterial agents were made by standard protocols (8). The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of agents at which no growth occurred after 1 day in pH broth medium (11) plus 1% glucose for M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC, M. putrefaciens, and M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and in pH broth medium plus 1% glucose and 0.5% pyruvate for M. agalactiae and was determined by the standard method (8). The MICs of ...

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In vitro activity of danofloxacin, tylosin and oxytetracycline against mycoplasmas of veterinary importance

Cited by 64 publications

References 9 publications

Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros

Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros

Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK-PD Integration of Danofloxacin in Sheep Biological Fluids

Flow Cytometric Determination of the Effects of Antibacterial Agents on Mycoplasma agalactiae , Mycoplasma putrefaciens , Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum , and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony Type

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