In Vitro Activity Assays of Sputtered HAp Coatings with SiC Addition in Various Simulated Biological Fluids

Abstract

Considering the requirements of medical implantable devices, it is pointed out that biomaterials should play a more sophisticated, longer-term role in the customization and optimization of the material–tissue interface in order to ensure the best long-term clinical outcomes. The aim of this contribution was to assess the performance of silicon carbide–hydroxyapatite in various simulated biological fluids (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), simulated body fluid (SBF), and phosphate buffer solution (PBS)) through immersion assays for 21 days at 37 ± 0.5 °C and to evaluate the electrochemical behavior. The coatings were prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates by magnetron sputtering method using two cathodes made of hydroxyapatite and silicon carbide (SiC). After immersion assays the coating’s surface was analyzed in terms of morphology, chemical and phase composition, and chemical bonds. According to the electrochemical behavior in the media investigated at 37 ± 0.5 °C, SiC addition inhibits the dissolution of the hydroxyapatite in DMEM acellular media. Furthermore, after adding SiC, the slow degradation of hydroxyapatite in PBS and SBF media as well as biomineralization in DMEM were observed.

Lithium-Doped Biological-Derived Hydroxyapatite Coatings Sustain In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts

“…Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-known biocompatible material used as an implantable ceramic for bone replacement due to its chemical-structural similarity with the inorganic part of human bone tissues [10]. It is stable in simulated biological fluids and exhibits an osteoconductive behavior [11,12]. Despite this capacity, HA ceramics possess weak mechanical properties [13].…”

Animal Origin Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Thin Films Synthesized by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on 3D Printed Cranial Implants

“…Even if Ti6Al4V is considered as a highly biocompatible metallic material, there have been reports of inflammatory reactions occurring around the prostheses upon implantation [4][5][6][7][8]. In order to improve the biocompatibility of the metallic alloys, a bioactive material can be deposited on its surface as a thin film, in order to increase the osseointegration and to ensure the biomimetism of the implant [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Hydroxyapatite (HA), with the theoretical chemical formula Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , in its non-stoichiometric multi-cation and anion substituted form, represents the main constituent of the mineral part of the bone.…”

“…Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) was long-time considered a solid alternative to PS since it can produce (by the control of deposition parameters) dense, pure, highly-adherent films on large area substrates (even on ones with complex geometry when coupled with rotation-translation facilities) [33][34][35]. There are reports in scientific literature on deposition of synthetic pure [7,12,34] or substituted HA [11,13,36] coatings using RF-MS. However, to the best of our knowledge, no information has been reported yet on the successful magnetron sputtering of Bio-HA films and consequently on their structural and biofunctional properties.…”

Development of Vitroceramic Coatings and Analysis of Their Suitability for Biomedical Applications

“…Since both the target characteristics and processing conditions strongly influence the properties of the final coatings [26], more studies are necessary in order to elucidate which are the driven factors and optimized set of parameters.Thus, the aim of this work is to produce a material that is durable and readily implantable. A type of vitroceramic coatings on titanium substrates were developed, characterized and then immersed in simulated biological fluid to be coated with a hydroxyapatite-like layer and demonstrate its bioactivity [27,28]. Further biological tests indicated that, indeed, this combination of materials resulted in an artifact that responds well to the in vitro cell proliferation.…”

“…Thus, the aim of this work is to produce a material that is durable and readily implantable. A type of vitroceramic coatings on titanium substrates were developed, characterized and then immersed in simulated biological fluid to be coated with a hydroxyapatite-like layer and demonstrate its bioactivity [27,28]. Further biological tests indicated that, indeed, this combination of materials resulted in an artifact that responds well to the in vitro cell proliferation.…”