In vitro activities of nine antifungal agents against rare pathogenic fungi

Sun, Lingyue; Wan, Zhe; Li, Ruoyu; Yu, Jin

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001083

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The latter is important, since antifungal susceptibility profiles of dematiaceous fungi are variable. For example, high MICs of amphotericin B (>2 mg) have been found among Exophiala species [20]. Itraconazole therapy, alone or in combination with surgical excision, cryotherapy, terbinafine or minocycline was associated with partial or complete response in 16 of 20 cases of E. spinifera infections in humans [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline disseminated cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala spinifera

Daly

Hubka

Kubátová

et al. 2020

Medical Mycology Case Reports

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A six-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented for a subcutaneous digital nodular lesion on the right forelimb. On physical examination a similar lesion was identified on the right hindlimb. Disseminated cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed from histopathological changes in representative tissue biopsies and fungal culture. The isolate was identified by sequencing of ITS rDNA as Exophiala spinifera. This is the first report of disseminated cutaneous disease caused by E. spinifera in the cat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline disseminated cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala spinifera

Daly

Hubka

Kubátová

et al. 2020

Medical Mycology Case Reports

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“…In fact, the emergence of several Fusarium species with a profile of resistance to multiple drugs has become a public health problem, with an unfavorable prognosis and high mortality rates (Taj-Aldeen 2017). Some special attention should be paid to Rhinocladiella isolates which have shown little susceptibility to the antifungal agents used, unlike some studies that reported low MIC values for amphotericin B and azoles in general for these microorganisms (Nucci et al 2001;Sun et al 2019). Other studies involving yeasts isolated from hemodialysis fluids have also not shown resistance to antifungals among microorganisms of the C. parapsilosis complex (Pires et al 2011); however, clinical failures in infections caused by C. orthopsilosis have been reported by some authors (Heslop et al 2015;Charsizadeh et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fungi in dialysis water and dialysate: occurrence, susceptibility to antifungal agents and biofilm production capacity

Anversa

Lara

Romani

et al. 2021

Journal of Water and Health

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The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of fungi in dialysis water and dialysate, in addition to evaluating the susceptibility to antifungals and the biofilm production capacity of isolated microorganisms. The samples were collected in three hemodialysis units in Bauru (Brazil), every 15 days (July 2017–June 2018) at post-reverse osmosis, reuse, and dialysate points. The fungi were isolated by spread plate on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Filamentous fungi were phenotypically identified and yeasts were subjected to molecular evaluation of the ITS region. Susceptibility test to antifungals was carried out by the broth microdilution method and biofilm production capacity was evaluated in microtiter plates using crystal violet staining. Fungi were isolated in 52/216 (24.1%) samples, with an average count of 16.3 (10–40) CFU/mL. Overall, 61 microorganisms were identified, with 54 (88.5%) filamentous fungi and 7 (11.5%) yeasts. The main genera included were Penicillium, Cladosporium, Scedosporium, Rhinocladiella, Fusarium, and Emmonsia. Most isolates showed high values of minimum inhibitory concentration for 5-flucytosine and fluconazole and 35/45 (77.8%) isolates were classified as strong producers of biofilm. In order to increase the safety of the dialysis process, the adoption of control measures and monitoring of fungi in hemodialysis fluids is suggested.

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“…However, administration of terbinafine, usually in combination with itraconazole, has shown a favorable response in only a few pythiosis patients [7,72,117,120]. MICs of terbinafine varied (range: 0.5-128 μg/ml), depending on P. insidiosum strains tested (i.e., different genotypes) and the susceptibility methods used (i.e., broth dilution and radial growth) [69,72,86,87,88,95,107,109,117,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,132] (Table 1). Because P. insidiosum lacks the ERG1-encoding gene [69], it is still mysterious about how terbinafine exhibits antimicrobial activity against some strains of this pathogen.…”

Section: Allylaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the mechanism of action, griseofulvin disrupts the microtubule function and the assembly of the mitotic spindle, while 5-fluorocytosine inhibits thymidylate synthetase and impairs DNA synthesis [131]. Griseofulvin had broth microdilution-based MIC of >32 μg/ml [125], whereas 5-fluorocytosine showed such MIC of 4 μg/ml [127] (Table 1).…”

Section: Other Antifungal Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

Yolanda

Krajaejun

2020

Heliyon

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Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The disease has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. P. insidiosum inhabits freshwater and presents in two forms: mycelium and zoospore. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an infection of the artery, eye, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. The management of pythiosis is problematic due to the lack of effective treatment. Many patients die from an uncontrolled infection. The drug susceptibility testing provides clinicallyuseful information that could lead to proper drug selection against P. insidiosum. Currently, no standard CLSI protocol for the drug susceptibility of P. insidiosum is available. This review aims at describing methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against P. insidiosum. Several in-house in vitro susceptibility methods (i.e., broth microdilution method, radial growth method, and agar diffusion method) have been established for P. insidiosum. Either mycelium or zoospore can be an inoculum. Rabbit is the commonly-used model of pythiosis for in vivo drug susceptibility testing. Based on the susceptibility results (i.e., minimal inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone), several antibacterial and antifungal drugs, alone or combination, exhibited an in vitro or in vivo effect against P. insidiosum. Some distinct compounds, antiseptic agents, essential oils, and plant extracts, also show anti-P. insidiosum activities. Successfully medical treatment, guided by the drug susceptibility data, has been reported in some pythiosis patients. Future studies should emphasize finding a novel and effective anti-P. insidiosum drug, standardizing in vitro susceptibility method and correlating drug susceptibility data and clinical outcome of pythiosis patients for a better interpretation of the susceptibility results.

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In vitro activities of nine antifungal agents against rare pathogenic fungi

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Feline disseminated cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala spinifera

Feline disseminated cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala spinifera

Fungi in dialysis water and dialysate: occurrence, susceptibility to antifungal agents and biofilm production capacity

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

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