In-vehicle Exposure to Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Vehicular Exhaust: A Critical Review

El‐Fadel, Mutasem; Abi-Esber, L.

doi:10.1080/10643380701798264

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…As indicated in Fig 2, COVID-19-induced decreases in human activity, especially in transportation, most significantly affected the levels of both pollutants. The findings indicated that CO and NO2 in Thailand are mainly generated from incomplete combustion and the internal combustion of vehicles (Carslaw et al, 2019;El-Fadel and Abi-Esber, 2009). In case of the secondary pollutant, O3 exhibited different pattern between…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 Prevention Measures on Air Quality in Thailand

Kaewrat

Janta

2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic since early 2020. In Thailand, the number of cases increased exponentially from the middle of March 2020. In response, Thailand's government has imposed various pandemic prevention measures, such as a rigorous stay-at-home measure to reduce viral transmission between humans. Many human activities ceased, such as transportation, businesses, and services. This has been associated with reductions in air pollutant emissions. This study thus aimed to measure air quality in metropolitan, industrial, and suburban cities of in Thailand. Data on the hourly concentrations of six criteria pollutants were obtained from Thailand's Pollution Control Department from five stations during three measurement periods: pre-COVID, early COVID, and working-from-home (WFH) periods. The results indicated that vehicle-emitted pollutants had significantly decreased during WFH periods. Moreover, the air quality of all city types ostensibly improved (50%-70%) because of reduced transportation in Thailand's central and eastern provinces. However, results for Northern provinces were unclear because PM2.5 concentrations were still high during WFH period due to effects from open burning activity as well as meteorological condition.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 Prevention Measures on Air Quality in Thailand

Kaewrat

Janta

2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Past reviews of travelers' pollution exposure have been oriented by pollutant (Kaur et al, 2007;Knibbs, Cole-Hunter, & Morawska, 2011) and/or focused on in-vehicle exposures (El-Fadel & Abi-Esber, 2009). These reviews focused on exposure concentrations and provide little or no discussion of respiration or its effects on intake and uptake doses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Urban Bicyclists' Intake and Uptake of Traffic-Related Air Pollution

2014

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Bicycling as a mode of transportation is enjoying a boost in many urban areas around the world. Although there are clear health benefits of increased physical activity while bicycling, bicyclists may experience increased inhalation of traffic-related air pollutants. Bicyclists have two to five times higher respiration rates than travelers in motorized vehicles and this difference increases with bicycle travel speed and exertion level. The main goal of this work is to review the state of knowledge regarding urban bicyclists' intake and uptake of traffic-related air pollution and to identify key knowledge gaps. This review includes not only bicyclists' exposure to air pollution concentrations but also respiration rates, intake doses (the amount of pollutant that is inhaled), and uptake doses (the amount of pollutant that is incorporated into the body). Research gaps and opportunities for future research are discussed. This is the first review to specifically address bicyclists' health risks from traffic-related air pollution and to explicitly include intake and uptake doses in addition to exposure concentrations for travelers.

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“…For windows open mode in cars, the dilution rate was the highest due to natural ventilation provided by the wind. The variation of the dilution rate is explained by the air exchange rates compiled by [28] for stationary vehicles.…”

Section: Dilution Rate Of In-vehicle Co For Various Ventilation Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ambient concentration of Carbon monoxide (CO) on the in-vehicle concentration of Carbon monoxide in Chennai, India

Giri

Karthikeyan

Raj

2020

Environmental Engineering Research

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas, has more affinity to hemoglobin, which increases carboxyhaemoglobin content in the blood. The increase in carboxyhemoglobin decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of blood and causes carbon monoxide poisoning, resulting in headache, nausea, dizziness and in extreme cases death. The emission of carbon-monoxide from idling vehicles at traffic intersections emit 45-55% more CO, compared to transit vehicles in roundabouts [1-5]. The fuel consumption increased by about 150% when accessories like air-conditioner was used during idling [6]. The total quantity of fuel wasted at five intersections was about 389.68 L of diesel and 810.38 L of petrol per day and the estimated monetary loss due to idling was ranging from Rs.3crore to 5crore /annum [2, 7-10]. The in-vehicle air is an extension of outdoor air, which infiltrates through ventilation settings, cracks and vents [11-13]. The in-vehicle CO is affected by outside sources and it reaches peak values when the surrounding vehicles are idling [14]. Thus, there is a possibility of in-vehicle CO build-up at traffic intersections. Irrespective of the age of the car, there was a high likelihood for self-pollution [15]. The car cabin acts as a sink during A/C ON-mode, which results in increase of in-vehicle CO by accumulation [16]. The overview of studies that have been conducted on in-vehicle CO is presented in Table S1. This study has two parts, first part is the monitoring of ambient CO levels at a traffic intersection in Chennai along with fuel consumption during vehicle idling and the second part of the study includes effect of ambient CO on in-vehicle CO at the signalized traffic intersections and modeling of In-vehicle CO due to ambient CO using Principal Component Regression Analysis (PCRA). 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Monitoring of CO The ambient CO was monitored at a signalised traffic intersection of Vijayanagar, Velachery, Chennai which connects three main

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In-vehicle Exposure to Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Vehicular Exhaust: A Critical Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of COVID-19 Prevention Measures on Air Quality in Thailand

Effect of COVID-19 Prevention Measures on Air Quality in Thailand

Review of Urban Bicyclists' Intake and Uptake of Traffic-Related Air Pollution

Effect of ambient concentration of Carbon monoxide (CO) on the in-vehicle concentration of Carbon monoxide in Chennai, India

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