In utero ultrafine particulate matter exposure causes offspring pulmonary immunosuppression

Rychlik, Kristal A.; Secrest, Jeremiah; Lau, Carmen; Pulczinski, Jairus C.; Zamora, Misti Levy; Leal, J. W. B.; Langley, Rebecca; Myatt, L; Raju, Muppala; Chang, Richard; Li, Yixin; Golding, Michael C.; Hoffmann, Aline Rodrigues; Molina, Mario J.; Zhang, Renyi; Johnson, Natalie M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1816103116

Cited by 76 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…1 and SI Appendix, Fig. S3) (2), produced from NPF have potentially far-reaching human health outcomes (13,14). The adverse health effects of highly elevated UFPs have yet to be carefully considered in developing air quality standards (1,13,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under favorable atmospheric conditions, nucleation-mode particles grow continuously to submicrometer (i.e., fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm [PM 2.5 ]) or cloud condensation nuclei. Atmospheric measurements have shown ubiquitous NPF events under both pristine and urban conditions (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)8), with important societal implications (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). For example, high levels of UFPs formed under urban environments have been attributed to substantial enhancement in convection and precipitation (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, high levels of UFPs formed under urban environments have been attributed to substantial enhancement in convection and precipitation (11). Also, recent studies have demonstrated that maternal exposure to UFPs results in pulmonary immunosuppression and birth defects and fatalities in offspring, highlighting the necessity of accounting for these smallest particles when formulating air quality standards (13,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Remarkable nucleation and growth of ultrafine particles from vehicular exhaust

Guo

Peng

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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High levels of ultrafine particles (UFPs; diameter of less than 50 nm) are frequently produced from new particle formation under urban conditions, with profound implications on human health, weather, and climate. However, the fundamental mechanisms of new particle formation remain elusive, and few experimental studies have realistically replicated the relevant atmospheric conditions. Previous experimental studies simulated oxidation of one compound or a mixture of a few compounds, and extrapolation of the laboratory results to chemically complex air was uncertain. Here, we show striking formation of UFPs in urban air from combining ambient and chamber measurements. By capturing the ambient conditions (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, sunlight, and the types and abundances of chemical species), we elucidate the roles of existing particles, photochemistry, and synergy of multipollutants in new particle formation. Aerosol nucleation in urban air is limited by existing particles but negligibly by nitrogen oxides. Photooxidation of vehicular exhaust yields abundant precursors, and organics, rather than sulfuric acid or base species, dominate formation of UFPs under urban conditions. Recognition of this source of UFPs is essential to assessing their impacts and developing mitigation policies. Our results imply that reduction of primary particles or removal of existing particles without simultaneously limiting organics from automobile emissions is ineffective and can even exacerbate this problem. new particle formation | nucleation | ultrafine particles | growth | organics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Remarkable nucleation and growth of ultrafine particles from vehicular exhaust

Guo

Peng

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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138

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“…including oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome including obesity and diabetes (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). In addition, a recent study revealed that in utero ultrafine PM exposure leads to offspring pulmonary immunosuppression in offspring (10). However, little is known about the effects of maternal exposure to PM on prenatal and postnatal organogenesis in offspring.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, direct experimental exposure of humans to high levels of air pollutants is harmful. However, well-controlled exposure experiments using animal models offer an alternative approach to assess the impacts of air pollution and to develop strategies to mitigate the adverse effects on human health (10). Several previous studies investigated the effects of exposure of gestating mice or rats to air pollutants on conceptus growth and postnatal health,…”

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confidence: 99%

Adverse organogenesis and predisposed long-term metabolic syndrome from prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter

Brown

Zamora

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy is associated with high risks of birth defects/fatality and adverse long-term postnatal health. However, limited mechanistic data are available to assess the detailed impacts of prenatal PM exposure. Here we evaluate fine PM exposure during pregnancy on prenatal/ postnatal organogenesis in offspring and in predisposing metabolic syndrome for adult life. Between days 0 and 18 of gestation, two groups of adult female rats (n = 10 for each) were placed in a dualexposure chamber device, one with clean ambient air (∼3 μg·m −3 ) and the other with ambient air in the presence of 100 to 200 μg·m −3 of ultrafine aerosols of ammonium sulfate. At birth (postnatal day 0, PND0), four males and four females were selected randomly from each litter to be nursed by dams, whereas tissues were collected from the remaining pups. At PND21, tissues were collected from two males and two females, whereas the remaining pups were fed either a high-or low-fat diet until PND105, when tissues were obtained for biochemical and physiological analyses. Maternal exposure to fine PM increased stillbirths; reduced gestation length and birth weight; increased concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids in plasma; enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver; and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta. This lead to altered organogenesis and predisposed progeny to long-term metabolic defects in an age-, organ-, and sex-specific manner. Our results highlight the necessity to develop therapeutic strategies to remedy adverse health effects of maternal PM exposure on conceptus/postnatal growth and development.air pollution | pregnancy outcomes | postnatal health | metabolism W ith increasing urbanization, industrialization, and economic growth among developing/developed countries worldwide, air pollution has emerged as one of the greatest public health epidemics in the 21st century (1-5). According to the World Health Organization, 9 in 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants, and one in nine of the global deaths is attributed to exposure to air pollution, reaching over total 7 million premature deaths each year (4, 5). Air pollution represents an environmental problem not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. For example, despite major progress made to improve air quality in the United States, ∼111 and 53 million people nationwide still inhabited places with pollutant levels exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and above the annual and/or 24-h particulate matter (PM) standard, respectively, in 2017 (6). There is accumulating evidence that several critical events in embryonic development during pregnancy are compromised by air pollution. Epidemiological studies have shown that maternal exposure to fine PM (particles with an aerodynamic diameter small than 2.5 μm, PM 2.5 ) is associated with high risks for preterm births, low birth weights, stillbirths, and adverse postnatal health conditions that include both pulmonary and nonp...

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Current pet ownership modifies the adverse association between long‐term ambient air pollution exposure and childhood asthma

Zeng

Lodge

Lowe

et al. 2021

Clinical & Translational All

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Background Recent studies suggest that household endotoxin and allergens can modify the impact of air pollutants on development of asthma; however, epidemiological evidence is limited and conflicting. Objectives To investigate whether pet ownership modified the association between ambient air pollution and asthma in children. Methods We conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study, the Seven Northeast Cities Study in China and recruited a total of 59,754 children from 94 schools during 2012–2013. Long‐term air pollutant concentrations, including airborne particulate matter with a diameter of 1 μm or less (PM1), PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from 2009 to 2012 were estimated using a random forest model. We collected information of respiratory health in children using the Epidemiologic Standardization Project Questionnaire of the American Thoracic Society (ATS‐DLD‐78‐A). Regression models were used to evaluate associations between pet ownership and air pollution on asthma after adjusting for potential covariates. Results Exposure to increasing levels of air pollutants was associated with higher prevalence of asthma, but associations were significantly attenuated in children who owned pets. For example, compared to children without pets, those who owned pets did not have an increased risk of symptoms of asthma (odds ratio, 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.78, 1.30), wheeze (0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 1.21), and cough (1.01, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.18) for each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM1 (P‐int < 0.05). Similar trends were observed for other air pollutants. Dog and bird ownership decreased the associations of asthma and cough with air pollutant exposure. The main findings were consistent with a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Current pet ownership may reduce the adverse impact of long‐term air pollution on childhood asthma. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this finding which could have important implications for public health.

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In utero ultrafine particulate matter exposure causes offspring pulmonary immunosuppression

Cited by 76 publications

References 46 publications

Remarkable nucleation and growth of ultrafine particles from vehicular exhaust

Remarkable nucleation and growth of ultrafine particles from vehicular exhaust

Adverse organogenesis and predisposed long-term metabolic syndrome from prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter

Current pet ownership modifies the adverse association between long‐term ambient air pollution exposure and childhood asthma

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