In utero heat stress causes reduced testicular area at puberty, reduced total sperm production, and increased sperm abnormalities in boars

Lugar, Drew; Proctor, Jarret A; Safranski, Timothy J.; Lucy, M.C.; Stewart, Kara R

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.022

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, high temperatures cause abnormal gene expression in sperm head which reduces sperm viability (Kunavongkrit et al, 2005; Rempel et al, 2018). Moreover, when the uterus of swine has high temperature stress, the testis part of the born piglet tends to be small and the productivity of semen taken from the male is not high which can increase abnormality (Lugar et al, 2018). In general, swine has a gestation period of about 114 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Pig Carcass and Primal Cuts Measured by the Autofom Ⅲ Depend on Seasonal Classification

Choi¹,

Kwon²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Food Sci Anim Resour

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The objective of this study was to investigate slaughtering performance, carcass grade, and quantitative traits of cuts according to seasonal influence by each month in pigs slaughtered in livestock processing complex (LPC) slaughterhouse in Korea, 2017. A total of 267,990 LYD (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) pig data were used in this study. Results of slaughter heads, sex distribution, carcass weight, backfat thickness, grading class, total weight, and fat and lean meat percentages of each cut predicted by Autofom Ⅲ were obtained each month. The number of slaughtered pigs was the highest in early and late fall but the lowest in midsummer. Only in midsummer that the number of females was higher than that of castrates. During 2017, carcass weight was the lowest in late summer. Backfat thickness was in the range of 21–22 mm. In mid and late spring, pigs showed high 1+ grade ratio (37.05% and 36.15%, respectively). For traits of 11 cuts predicted by Autofom Ⅲ, porkbelly showed lower total weight, lean weight, and fat weight in midsummer to early fall but higher lean meat percentage compared to other seasons. Weights of deboned neck, loin, and lean meat were the highest in midfall compared to other seasons (p<0.05). In conclusion, characteristics of slaughtering, grading, and economic traits of pigs seemed to be highly seasonal. They were influenced by seasons. Results of this study could be used as basic data to develop seasonal specified management ways to improve pork production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Pig Carcass and Primal Cuts Measured by the Autofom Ⅲ Depend on Seasonal Classification

Choi¹,

Kwon²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Food Sci Anim Resour

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“…Gestation and farrowing procedures were previously described in detail [24,26]. Briefly, 12 first-parity gilts (Landrace × Large White) were bred to the same Duroc sire, confirmed pregnant, and housed in the Brody Environmental Chambers at the University of Missouri (Columbia, MO, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregnant gilts were maintained in gestation crates throughout all of gestation. From day 30–60 of gestation, 6 pregnant gilts were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 17.8 ± 0.1 °C; 61.4 ± 0.1% relative humidity (RH)) conditions and 6 pregnant gilts were exposed to cycling heat stress (HS; 28 °C nighttime and 38 °C daytime; 71.1 ± 0.2% RH) conditions [24,26,27]. The period and duration of the heat stress treatment was chosen to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy loss immediately after insemination, and to mimic a late June/early July breeding (i.e., HS during early gestation (mid- to late-summer) and TN during late gestation (early to mid-fall)) to better represent what may actually be occurring in commercial production systems in the midwestern United States.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of In Utero Heat Stress on Piglet Physiology and Behavior Following Weaning and Transport

Byrd

Anderson

Lugar

et al. 2019

Animals

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The study objective was to determine whether in utero heat stress (IUHS) affects piglet physiology and behavior following common production practices. A total of 12 gilts were confirmed pregnant and allocated to either heat stress (HS; n = 6) or thermoneutral (TN; n = 6) conditions on day 30–60 of gestation. At weaning (22.5 ± 2.3 days of age), 1 boar and 1 barrow of median weight were selected from each litter and transported for approximately 7 h. Piglets were then blocked into pens (n = 2/pen) by in utero treatment (IUHS (n = 12) or in utero thermoneutral (IUTN, n = 12)) and sexual status (boar (n = 6/in utero treatment) or barrow (n = 6/in utero treatment)). Plasma cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin and glucose were evaluated 1 day prior to transport (pre-transport) and immediately after transport (post-transport). Behavioral data were collected on day 1–7 for 60 min at four different time points each day. In utero heat stressed piglets exhibited reduced cortisol concentrations compared to IUTN piglets immediately post-transport (p = 0.04). Glucose concentrations were not affected by in utero treatment. Insulin concentrations were reduced in IUTN piglets post-transport compared to pre-transport (p = 0.002), but no differences were detected for IUHS pigs. Non-esterified fatty acids tended to be reduced overall for IUHS vs. IUTN pigs (p = 0.08). Overall, IUHS piglets performed more drinking behaviors (p = 0.02) and tended to perform more aggressive behaviors (p = 0.07) than IUTN piglets in the 7 days post-transport. In summary, there was some evidence for altered physiological and behavioral responses among IUHS piglets compared to IUTN piglets following weaning and transport.

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“…Iron was administered to prevent anemia. A subset of males remained intact for a collaborative study on the reproductive capacity of boars from treated and control dams (Lugar et al, 2018). The remaining males were castrated by 3 d of age.…”

Section: Data Collection At Farrowing Following Ghs or Gtn Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We allowed additional sows from the GHS and control treatments to complete gestation and farrow and measured litter size and piglet weight and collected and analyzed testes from the neonatal boars. A subset of intact boars from the treated and control sows was used to assess the effects of GHS on sperm production and morphology (results published by Lugar et al, 2018). Finally, gilts coming from heat-stressed or control sows were tested for age at puberty and reproductive capacity through first pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction and reproductive tract morphology of male and female pigs whose mothers were heat stressed during the second month of gestation

Bernhard

Sharp

Safranski

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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The primary objective was to assess the development of fetal gonads and measure subsequent reproductive capacity of boars and gilts whose mother was either subjected to gestational heat stress (GHS) or thermoneutral (GTN; control) conditions during pregnancy. Gilts were subjected to either GHS (28 to 38 °C; 65 to 88% relative humidity; n = 30) or GTN (17 to 22 °C; 56 to 65% relative humidity; n = 29) for the second month of gestation (a period that coincides with a critical window of gonadal development). A subset of GHS (n = 12) and GTN (n = 11) gilts were sacrificed immediately following treatment for the collection of pregnancy data. The remaining gilts (n = 18 GHS and n = 18 GTN) were allowed to farrow. Female offspring from the farrowed gilts were studied through puberty, first insemination, and early pregnancy when fetal tissues were again collected. During the treatment period, GHS gilts had greater (P < 0.001) rectal temperature and respiration rate at both measurement timepoints (morning and afternoon) compared with GTN gilts. When assessed at the end of the second month of gestation, the total number of viable fetuses did not differ (P > 0.10) for GHS vs. GTN. Likewise, the weight of the fetus, placenta, fetal testes, and fetal ovaries were similar (P > 0.10) for GHS and GTN pregnancies. There was a tendency for an effect of treatment (63.3 ± 2.3 vs. 70.1 ± 2.6; GHS vs. GTN; P < 0.073) on the number of oogonia per histological section in the fetal ovaries. There was no effect of treatment on the number of prespermatogonia per histological section in the fetal testis. For gilts farrowing after treatment, litter size, piglet birth weight, and weaning weight were similar (P > 0.10) for the GHS and GTN gilts. Testes collected from castrated GHS boars had fewer prespermatogonia per seminiferous tubule cross section (P < 0.049). Female offspring from the GHS (n = 30) or GTN (n = 37) sows reached puberty at a similar age and their pregnancies (ninth week of gestation) had fewer corpora lutea (15.6 ± 0.5 vs. 17.1 ± 0.4; GHS vs. GTN; P < 0.038) but the number of fetuses was similar for GHS and GTN. In summary, compared with GTN, GHS during a critical window of gonadal development tended to reduce the number of oogonia in the fetal ovary, reduced the number of prespermatogonia in the neonatal testes, and reduced ovulation rate at first pregnancy in gilts.

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In utero heat stress causes reduced testicular area at puberty, reduced total sperm production, and increased sperm abnormalities in boars

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Characteristics of Pig Carcass and Primal Cuts Measured by the Autofom Ⅲ Depend on Seasonal Classification

Characteristics of Pig Carcass and Primal Cuts Measured by the Autofom Ⅲ Depend on Seasonal Classification

Evaluating the Effects of In Utero Heat Stress on Piglet Physiology and Behavior Following Weaning and Transport

Reproduction and reproductive tract morphology of male and female pigs whose mothers were heat stressed during the second month of gestation

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