In utero exposures and incident endometriosis, the ENDO study

Wolff, E; Hediger, Mary L.; Chen, Z.; Peterson, C. Matthew; Sundaram, Rajeshwari; Louis, Germaine Buck

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.537

Cited by 1 publication

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“…However, some authors suggest an intrauterine origin of the disease [6,7]. The potential role of early-life influences, such as intrauterine hormonal environmental exposure to oestrogens and endocrine disruptors, are receiving growing consideration as a risk factor for endometriosis in adult life [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that immune cells, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines activate/alter the peritoneal microenvironment, creating the conditions for differentiation, adhesion, proliferation and survival of ectopic endometrial cells [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anogenital Distance and Endometriosis: Results of a Case–Control Study

et al. 2022

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AGD is the distance measured from the anus to the genital tubercle. Recent evidence suggests that a shorter AGD, a sensitive biomarker of the prenatal hormonal environment, could be associated with higher endometriosis risk. However, studies investigating AGD in affected women are scanty. We have set up a case-control study recruiting nulliparous women (aged 18-40 years) with endometriosis between 2017 and 2018. Cases were 90 women with a surgical or with a current nonsurgical diagnosis of endometriosis (n = 45 deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), and n = 45 ovarian endometrioma (OMA)). Controls were 45 asymptomatic women referring for periodical gynaecological care and without a previous diagnosis of endometriosis. They were matched to cases for age and BMI. For each woman, two measures were obtained using a digital caliper: AGDAC, from the clitoral surface to the upper verge of the anus, and AGDAF, from the posterior fourchette to the upper verge of the anus. Each distance was derived from the mean of six measurements acquired from two different gynaecologists. The mean±SD AGDAC in women with DIE, OMA and without a diagnosis of endometriosis was 76.0±12.1, 76.1±11.1, and 77.8±11.4 mm, respectively (p = 0.55). The mean±SD AGDAF in women with DIE, OMA and without a diagnosis of endometriosis was 22.8±5.0, 21.7±9.0, and 23.7±7.8 mm, respectively (p = 0.38). Our study failed to find an association between AGD and the presence of endometriosis. AGD does not seem to represent a reliable indicator of the presence of endometriosis to be used in clinical practice.

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